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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morphine Pharmacokinetics
-Onset -Duration -Metabolism -Excretion |
- 1 minute via IV
- 3-4 hours - Glucuronide conjugation in the liver - 90% excreted as the glucuronide in urine within 24 hours. Can be detected for several days |
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Supraspinal Analgesia
-receptor -3 neuroanatomic sites -Descending pain control |
- mu opiod receptor
- peri-aquaductal grey, thalamus, and somatic sensory cortex - PAG--> Raphe Nucleus--> Dorsal Horn |
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Spinal Analgesia
-receptors -anatomic site |
- delta and kappa opioid receptors
- dorsal horn |
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Euphoria
-receptor -3 neuroanatomic sites |
- mu opioid receptor
-Ventral Tegmental Area dompaminergic neurons project to the Nucleus Accumbens and the Medial Prefrontal Cortex |
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Opioid effect sites
-Nausea -Respiratory Depression -Antitussive -Constipation -Pupil constriction -Peripheral vasodilation |
-area postrema
-brainstem -brainstem (both d/l-isomers!) -local gut ganglia -CN III Nucleus -CN X nucleus |
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Endogenous Opioid ligands
-Name the 3 -Which receptor subtypes do they bind preferentially |
-Mu and delta preferentially bind enkephalin and endorphin
-Kappa preferentially binds dynorphin |
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Mechanisms after a MOR agonist binds
1. Effect on membrane polarity 2. Intracellular changes |
1. K+ influx leads to hyperpolarization
2. Gi alpha--| adenyl cyclase--> dec. cAMP--> dec. PKA--> dec. CREB-PO4 |
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Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonists
1. Short Acting 2. Long Acting |
1. Nalaxone: treat opioid overdose
2. Naltrexone: treat opioid and alcohol dependence |
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Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal
1. "Mental" 2. GI 3. Eyes |
Opposite of Opioid use!
1. Anxiety, agitation and CRAVING 2. Diarrhea 3. Pupillary dilation |
