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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Opiod Actions
-CNS -CVS -EYE -LUNGS -GI |
CNS
*Analgesia then euphoria -sedation -nausea -anti-tussive CVS -Peripheral vasodilation EYE -Pupillary constriction LUNGS -respiratory depression GI -Antispasmodic |
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Opiod mechanisms
-Pathway Stimulated -Receptors |
-Mesolimbic pathway: reward
-Stimulates dopamine receptors: *MU, delta, and kappa |
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Signs of substance abuse
-Medical -Behavior -Laboratory |
-infection, nasal/pulmonary, scars, drug requests
-poor school, work, family life -urine, blood, hair |
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Opiod abuse pharm. treatment
-Detoxification -Substitution -Antagonist -Relapse prevention |
-Agonist, taper, and or clonidine
-methadone or buprenorphine -naltrexone -naltrexone |
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Benefits of Methadone
-administration -pharmacokinetics -pharmacodynamics |
-Oral; no injection risks
-long acting; blocking dose possible -stabilizing and normalizing effects: no highs or lows like heroin |
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Heroin
-Metabolism -Solubility -Time to onset -Duration |
-deacetylated to active metabolites
-lipid soluble; crosses BBB quickly - Onset<1 minute -Euphoria for 1-2 minutes, sedation for an hour, effects wear off in 3-5 hours |
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Opioid overdose
-Signs -Treatment |
-depressed respiration and constricted pupils in a drowsy/comatose patient
-Naloxone (opioid antagonist) injection |
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Buprenorphine
-Action -Safety -Benefits |
-partial agonist of μ-opioid receptor
-ceiling affect increases the safety margin; lower abuse potential -Prolonged receptor occupation blocks other opioid access; reduced craving and "blocking effect." less sedating |
