Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are 4 types of glia (support cells)?
|
1. oligodendrocyte
2. astrocyte 3. ependyma 4. microglia |
|
|
What are 2 normal neuronal inclusions?
|
1. neuromelanin (byproduct of catecholamine synthesis)
2. lipofuscin (in aging) |
|
|
What is an example of a degenerative neuronal inclusion?
|
Lewy bodies in substantia nigra(round, glassy)
occur in Parkinson's |
|
|
What is an example of a viral neuronal inclusion?
|
Cowdry type A viral inclusions
|
|
|
What is central chromatolysis?
|
Response of a nerve cell body to transection of its axon.
|
|
|
What are the 3 things that occur in central chromatolysis?
|
1. swollen cell body
2. displaced nucleus 3. dispersed Nissl substance |
|
|
What are the 2 reactions of the axon to axonal transection?
|
1. Wallerian degeneration
2. axonal retraction balls |
|
|
What is the axonal reaction to degeneration?
|
axonal spheroids
|
|
|
What is an axonal retraction ball?
|
Damming up of organelles conveyed by axonal transport to proximal stump of axonal transection site
|
|
|
What is the role of the oligodendrocyte?
|
The generation and maintenance of myelin
|
|
|
What are 4 possible reactions of the oligodendrocyte?
|
1. primary demyelination
2. remyelination 3. hypomelinatin 4. partial demyelination |
|
|
What is primary demyelination?
|
Axon is intact, macrophage removes myelin.
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of remyelination?
|
- in the CNS
- thin myelin - short internodal distance |
|
|
What is a disease where remyelination can be present?
|
MS
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of hypomyelination?
|
- in the entire NS
- thin myelin - short internodal distance - inherited |
|
|
What are characteristics of partial myelination?
|
- thin myelin (varying thickness)
- normal internodal distance |
|
|
What are some roles of astrocytes?
|
- scar cell in CNS
- support and structure - glycolysis for energy - glutamate, GABA uptake - pH regulation - osmolarity regulation |
|
|
What are 2 types of astrocytes?
|
1. protoplasmic (grey matter)
2. fibrous (white matter) |
|
|
What are 3 reactions of astrocytes?
|
1. swelling
2. inclusions 3. gliosis |
|
|
What are the changes associated with gliosis?
|
Early: hyperplasia, hypertrophy
Late: fibrillarygliosis |
|
|
What are Rosenthal fibers?
|
Astrocyte inclusions
(linear/corkscrew, hyaline) present in longstanding gliosis |
|
|
What are Corpora Amylacea?
|
Astrocyte inclusions
(round inclusions of glycoprotein) not necessarily pathological |
|
|
What is the ependyma?
|
Cells surrounding the ventricles.
There is no BM, so they make a fibrillary net. |
|
|
What happens in ependymal injury/loss?
|
Non-specific reaction of subventricular astrocytes forms a:
Subventricular Glial Nodule/ Granular Ependymitis |
|
|
What CNS cells are originally derived from bone marrow?
|
Microglia
|
|
|
What is the function of microglia?
|
- phagocytic function
- antigen presentation |
|
|
What is the microglial reaction to CNS injury without parenchymal damage?
|
Activated microglia
(maintain morphology, secrete cytokines, express markers like class II MHC) |
|
|
What is the microglial reaction to CNS injury with parenchymal damage?
|
Macrophages
(morphology changes to macrophage, secrete cytotoxic substances like NO, express markers like class II MHC) |
