B&b Quiz 1: Seizure And Syncope

Front 1

Seizure

Back 1

abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Pt presents w/ involuntary changes in awareness/behavior

Front 2

Partial Seizure

Back 2

Seizure that originates in a localized part of the cerebral cortex, that involves motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic symptoms. May or may not progress to a generalized seizure

Front 3

Generalized Seizure

Back 3

seizure (as an absence seizure or tonic-clonic seizure) that originates in both cerebral hemispheres

Front 4

Absence Seizure (Petit Mal)

Back 4

a nonconvulsive generalized seizure marked by the transient impairment or loss of consciousness usually with a blank stare, that begins and ends abruptly and is usually unremembered afterward. **decline in school performance may be clue

Front 5

Simple Seizure

Back 5

consciousness is not impaired; may have tingling, visual changes, focal motor or autonomic sx

Front 6

Complex Seizure

Back 6

consciousness is impaired

Front 7

Tonic Clonic Seizure (Grand Mal)

Back 7

generalized seizure that is initially tonic and then becomes clonic and is characterized by the abrupt loss of consciousness

Front 8

Tonic phase

Back 8

abrupt LOC following epileptic cry; muscles tense, pt falls

Front 9

Clonic phase

Back 9

dramatic muscle contraction/relaxation

Front 10

Epilepsy

Back 10

group of disorders marked by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions

Front 11

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Back 11

partial seizures that originate in the temporal lobe and are marked by impairment of consciousness, automatisms, unusual changes in behavior, and hallucinations (as of odors)

Front 12

Lennox-Gastraut Syndrome

Back 12

seen in kids 2-18; variety of generalized seizures, developmental delay

Front 13

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Back 13

otherwise healthy teen/young adult has myoclonic jerks early in am. Triggered by sleep deprivation. Need lifelong AED, avoidance of triggers

Front 14

epilepsy demographics

Back 14

most common in kids 0-14 (genetics, congenital anomaly, trauma, neoplasm), risk decreases until age 60 (vascular dz, neoplasm, trauma, infection, neurodegeneration)

Front 15

Status Epilepticus

Back 15

Seizure lasting > 30 minutes. The seizure may be continuous or intermittent without recovery of consciousness between episodes. Neurological emergency with a mortality rate greater than 20%.

Front 16

Syncopy

Back 16

Transient LOC and postural tone for few seconds to few minutes with prompt recovery

Front 17

vasodepressor syncopy

Back 17

due to excessive vagal tone or impaired reflex ctl of peripheral circ. Most common type. Initiated by stress,. Premonitory nausea, sweating, pallor, tachycardia

Front 18

dx vasodepressor

Back 18

characteristic hx is present, carotid sinus massage or tilt table test

Front 19

Orthostatic

Back 19

due to impaired vasoconstrictive response to upright posture >> abrupt decrease in venous return.

Front 20

who gets orthostatic syncopy

Back 20

advanced age, DM, hypovolemia, vasodilator/diuretic/adrenergic blocker therapy

Front 21

dx orthostatic

Back 21

>20mm Hg dip in BP on standing, tilt table/valsalva are dx

Front 22

cardiogenic

Back 22

due to rhythm disturbances like sick sinus syndrome, AV block or aortic/pulmonic stenosis. Often exertional

Front 23

cardiogenic dx

Back 23

echo to r/o mechanical cause; EEG monitor

Front 24

making diagnoses in general

Back 24

cause not always found; do tilt table test before invasive studies

Front 25

treating vasodepressor

Back 25

avoid inciter, lie down, beta blocker

Front 26

treating orthostatic

Back 26

stop offending drug, stand up slowly,

Front 27

treating cardiogenic

Back 27

treat underlying issue; permanent pacer or implantable ICD