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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Worst headache of my life
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Menigitis headache?
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severe
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dull headache affected by couging/sneezing/sudden movement
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mass lesions
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Light-headedness
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Palpitations
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near syncope
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vasovagal stimulaton
low bp febrile illness |
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Vertigo
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inner ear conditions
brainstem lesions/tumors |
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Dizziness +
Diplopia Dysarthria Ataxia |
Verterbrobasilar TIA
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Bilateral proximal weakness
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myopathy
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Bilateral distal weakness
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polyneuropathy
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Weakness made worse with repeated effort and improving with rest
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Myasthenia Gravis
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muscle weakness improving with repeated use
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Lambert-Eaton
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Loss of sensation
paresthesias dysesthesias |
Brain/SC lesions
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paresthesias in hands and around the mouth in
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hyperventilation
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Burning pain in
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painful sensory neuropathy
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sudden but temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone
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syncope
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feeling faint/light-head/weak without LoC
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near syncope / presyncope
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sudden onset, sudden offset syncope in elderly
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Cardiac Syncope
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Syncope of young people with emotional stress and warning symtpoms of flushing, warmth, or nausea
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Vasovagal
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Tonic-Clonic activity
Incontinence Postictal State seizure type? |
Generalized
biting of tongue or bruising common, unlike syncope |
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#3 leading cause of death in USA
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Stroke
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leading cause of long-term disability in the workforce and general population
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stroke
blacks + mexicans > whites |
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% of strokes that are caused by cerebrovascular ischemia
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85%
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Time period definition of TIA?
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< 1 hour
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Highest risk of stroke following TIA?
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first 30 days post
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One year mortality rate following stroke
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25%
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__% of people would call 911 if someone was having a stroke
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17%
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therapy window for stroke?
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3 hours
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MCA stroke symptoms
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visual field cuts
aphasia if L, neglect if R contralateral paresis/sensory loss |
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MCC hemorrhagic stroke
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subarachnoid hemorrhage from berry aneurysm rupture
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Primary Stroke Prevention targets
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Modifiable risk factors
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Secondary Stroke Prevention targets
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patient has already experienced a stroke
finding cause |
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Leading cause of ischemic AND hemorrhagic stroke
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hypertension
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40 cigarettes a day increases stroke risk _x
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2
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It takes _ years to reduce the risk of stroke after quitting smoking
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5
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reducing hyperlipidemia lowers stroke risk by __%
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25
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Obesity __ risk of stroke
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doubles
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Increased stroke risk with valvular (rheumatic) a fib
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5x
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Increased stroke risk with nonvalvular a fib
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17X
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Risk reduction of stroke with heparin
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68%
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risk reduction of stroke with aspirin
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20%
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Prevalence of CAD in 65+
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1%
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MCC peripheral neuropathy
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Diabetes
"Glove and Stocking" 10% @ diagnosis 50% @ 5 years |
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patchy sensory and motor deficits in at least two separate nerve areas
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mononeuritis multiplex
DM likely |
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HgA1C goal
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<7.4%
reduced onset of Diabetic Neuropathy by 50-60% |
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Common causes of loss of smell
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Sinus Conditions
Tumor Trauma Parkinson's Cocaine Smoking |
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Why avoid noxious triggers in CN I testing?
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Can trigger CN V reaction
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Disc Pallor
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Optic Atrophy
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Optic Bulging
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Papilledema
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Confrontation tests for
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Homonymous Hemianopsia
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Bitemporal Hemianopsias
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defect @ optic chiasm
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Poor visual acuity
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Prechiasmal
glaucoma, retinal emboli, amaurosis fugax, optic neuritis |
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Homonymous Hemianopsias / Quadrantanopsia
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Postchiasmal (Partietal lobe, stroke, visual acuity will be normal)
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Pupil differences of >0.4mm
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Anisocoria
seen in 38% of healthy individuals |
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Pupillary light respons in Horner's
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Will constrict to light but will remain in miosis because of lack of innervation to pupillary dilator muscles
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monocular diplopia causes
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glasses/contacts problems
cataracts astigmatism ptosis |
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binocular diplopia causes
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MyGrv
Trauma Thyroid Ophthalmopathy INO |
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How is nystagmus named
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for the direction of the quick movement
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Cerebellar Nystagmus ______ with retinal fixation, accompanied by ataxia and dysarthria
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increases with retinal fixation
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Vestibular Nystagmus ______ with retinal fixation
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decreases
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