Basis North - Science - 5Th - Cell Structure Notes

Front 1

Characteristics of Organisms

Back 1

Reproduction

Organized

Grow & develop

Energy use

React to changes

ROGER

Front 2

Importance of Cells

A cell is

Back 2

• The smallest unit of life in all living things
  
• organized with structures that carry out the activities of life
• made of even smaller parts with each doing a different job

Front 3

Cell Theory

Three main ideas

Back 3

• All living things are made up of one or more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life in which ...
• All cells come from existing cells

Front 4

The World of Cells

Back 4

• Larger organisms are made of many cells
• Cells work together to perform all an organism's activities of life
• Your body contains more than 10 Trillion cells

Front 5

Microscopes

Back 5

• Better microscopes have helped scientists learn about the differences among cells
• The microscope shown in a compound microscope
• in this type of microscope, light passes through the objects you are looking at, then through two lenses.

Front 6

Two Types of Cells

Back 6

• Prokaryotic Cell
• Eukeryotic Cell

Front 7

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 7

• Does not have structures surrounded by membranes
  
• Few internal structures, very simplified
• One-celled (unicellular) organisms

example - bateria

Front 8

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 8

•Containsorganelles surrounded by membranes

•Canbe single-cellular or multicellular organisms

•Examples:Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes

Front 9

Cell Membrane

Back 9

• a flexible structure that holds the cell together which forms a boundary between the cell and its environment. It controls what enters and exits the cell and is present in each cell.

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

helps support and protect these cells and can be found in plants, fungi and bateria

a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.

Front 11

Cytoplasm

Back 11

inside of a cell is filled with a gel-like substance

• all cells have cytoplasm
• mostly water (70%) and other chemicals like proteins, calcium, and salts

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Front 12

Ribosome

Back 12

• Suspended in the cytoplasm
  
• Make proteins (translates DNA Code)
  
• each cell contains thousands of ribosomes
  
• all cells contain ribosomes
  

Front 13

Organelle - (membrane bound)

Back 13

• are specialized parts
  
• perform activities necessary for life - think of them as "little organs" in the cell
  
• can move around in the cytoplasm

Front 14

Nucleus

Back 14

• only in Eukaryotic cells
  
• inside the nucleus are chromosomes
• "control center" of the cell
• *Bacterial cells (Prokaryotic) have NO nucleus

the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.

Front 15

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 15

• makes, processes and transports proteins winthin the cell
  
• Called rough ER because of the ribosomes found on the surface

Front 16

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 16

• makes and transports Lipids (fats) and other material within the cell
• Called smooth ER because no ribosomes are found on the surface

Front 17

Golgi apparatus

Back 17

• Process and bundles proteins & lipids (fats) as they are made in the cell

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

Front 18

Vesicles

Back 18

• a small, round organelle
• the space inside the vesicle can be chemically different from the cytoplasm
• can perform various metabolic activities; transport and store molecules

Front 19

Vacuole

Back 19

• are a balloon like substance that stores food, water, etc.
  
• some vacuoles store wastes until the cell is ready to get rid of it
• present in all plants, no in other types of cells

Front 20

Mitochondria - mi·to·chon·dri·a

Back 20

• in eukaryotic cells only
• generates most of cell's energy
• cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria
• Mitochondria are the "powerhouse" of the cell
• Mitochondria looks like beans
• in the Mitochondria energy is released as food and oxygen combined
• waste products: carbon dioxide and water

Front 21

Cellular respiration

Back 21

is a series of reaction in which energy in food is converted into energy that a cell can use

• energy is released as food and water combined
• waste products: carbon dioxide & water

Front 22

ATP

Back 22

• is the energy used by cells
  
• stands for Adensoine triphosphate

Front 23

Chloroplast

Back 23

• found in Plants and algae
  
• Contain chlorophyll (green pigment)
• where photosynthesis takes place
• changes sunlight (solar energy) to glucose (chemical energy)

sunlight + carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

Front 24

Unicellular

Back 24

Made up of only one cell

Front 25

offspring

Back 25

the product of reproduction

Front 26

organization of life

Back 26

subatomic particles ->atoms ->molecule ->cell(L) -> tissue -> organ-> organ system -> organism (L) -> population (L) -> community (L) -> ecosystem (L) -> biophere (L)

Front 27

multicellural

Back 27

made up of two or more cells