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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what part of the hypothalamus maintains temperature setpoint?
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thermoregulatory center
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what are compensatory mechanisms ?
and when do they occur? |
sweating, vasodilation to promote heat loss.
when hypothalamus becomes heated. called feedback system |
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what happens when body temperature cools?
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hypothalamus sends signals to cause muscle shivering and vasoconstriction.
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diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves?
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radiation
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transfer of heat/cold through direct contact?
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conduction
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what is normal oral temperature? and what are the ranges in F. and C?
how long should u take temp for? |
F.=97.6--98.6--99.6
C.=36.5--37--37.5 3-5 min |
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what is normal rectal temperature? and what are the ranges F and C?
how long should u take temp for? |
F.=98.6--99.6--100.6
C.=37--37.5--38 2-4 min |
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what is normal axillary temp? and what are the ranges f. and C.? how long should u take temp for?
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F.=96.6--97.6--98.6
C.=36--36.5--37 8-10 min |
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what is normal tympanic temp? what are the ranges F. and C.? how long does is take?
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F.=98.1--99.1--100.1
very quick. |
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what could be stimulated when taking a rectal temp?
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vagal stimulation and may slow heart rate.
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why is temp beneficial?
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stimulates immune system to produce WBC, decreases iron in plasma which suppresses bacterial growth, produces interferon(fights viruses)
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what are some harmful affects of fever?
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increase BMR, dehydration, aching negative nitrogen balance, weight loss.
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what are the 3 phases of and febrile episode?
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chill phase=setpoint rises-chills and shivering to conserve heat.
plateau phase= new temp setpoint is met fever break=vasodilation occurs /sweating.attempt to get to setpoint |
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another word for sweating
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diaphoresis
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what is the pulse rate regulated by/via what nerve?
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autonomic nervous system
via parasympathetic vagus nerve. |
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to feel or to touch?
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palpation
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to listen using a stethoscope or doppler ultrasound?
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auscultation
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where is PMI located?
(point of maximal impulse) |
it is found on the left side of the chest in the 5 intercostal space/ mid-clavicular line.
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systole (s1) and diastole (s2) are counted as one beat? t or f
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true
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0= absent
+1=weak pulse +2=normal +3= strong pulse |
amplitude volume
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when writing vs what order should u go in?
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Temp, Pulse, Respirations,BP
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what regulates involuntary breathing?
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medulla oblongata
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what regulates voluntary breathing?
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cerebral cortex
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what is responsible for chemical regulation of breathing?
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aorta and carotid arteries
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very important for short term and adaptive breathing?
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chemoreceptors
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how should respiration rate be taken?
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30 sec / x 2
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normal respiration is called
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eupnea
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less than 12 respiration per min is called?
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bradypnea
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more than 20 respirations per min is called?
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tachypnea
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not breathing is called?
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apnea
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having trouble breathing?
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dyspnea
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abnormal effort to breath, nose may flare & grunting.
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labored
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client needs to be in an up right position to breath easier?
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orthopnea
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this is a normal act and causes alveoli to open?
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sigh
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rapid deep breathing over 35 respirations per min is called?
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kussmaul
could be caused by-- diabetic kido acidosis |
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this type of breathing is shallow-deep-shallow followed by a period of apnea is called? normal in dieing clients.
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cheyne-stokes
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no normal pattern of breathing?
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agonal
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what are some normal changes in the respiration of the elderly?
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respirations will be shallow.
elasticity of lung tissue is less. respirations will be faster. |
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measures the arterial wall pressure created as blood flows through the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle.
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blood pressure
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difference b/ systolic and diastolic BP?
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pulse pressure
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what is the range for normotensive?
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90/60 to 139/89
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what is the range for pre-hypertensive?
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120/80 to 139/89
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what is the range for stage 1 hypertensive?
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greater than 140/90
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resistance to blood flow determined by the tone of vascular musculature and the diameter of blood vessels?
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peripheral resistance
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volume of blood circulating in the vascular system?
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blood volume
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what do you use to get blood viscosity?
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hematocrit
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what is the % of RBC to plasma called?
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hematocrit
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describes how blood pressure is lower in the morning and at night?
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diurnal variations
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what race has the highest BP?
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AFAM
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what is the difference b/ primary hypertension and secondary hypertension?
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unknown causes/ known causes.
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causes of hypertension?
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salt diet, family history, heavy alcohol, high lipid levels in blood, diabetes mellitis.
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symptoms of hypotension are?
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confusion, chest pain, clamy skin, low urine output.
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a temporary disappearance of sound normally heard over the brachial artery/normally heard with people with high pressure?
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auscultatory gap
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systolic pressure should be taken before normal BP? t or f
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true
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recommend followup in
<120 & <80 |
recheck in 2 yrs
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recommended followup in
120-139 or 80-89 |
recheck w/ in 1yr
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recommended followup in
stage I hypertension 140-159 or 90-99 |
confirm w/ in 1 yrs
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recommended followup in
stage II hypertension > 160 or >100 |
evaluate or refer w/ in 1 mths, >180 or >110, evaluate & treat immediately to 1 week depending on clinical situation.
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