Basics Pharmacology Test 1 Terms

Front 1

requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move drugs against a concentration gradient?

Back 1

active absorption

Front 2

drugs that produce a response are?

Back 2

agonists

Front 3

drugs that block a response are?

Back 3

antagonists

Front 4

occurs mostly by diffusion?

Back 4

passive absorption

Front 5

this is the percentage of drug that reaches the systemic circulation?

Back 5

bioavailability

Front 6

drugs are attached to albumins in varying degrees. drugs bound to protein are inactive. drugs not bound are active. this is called ?

Back 6

plasma binding proteins

Front 7

most accurate test to determine renal function? lower levels are expected in the elderly.

Back 7

creatine clearence

Front 8

the time it takes a medication to reach the minimum effective concentration after administered

Back 8

onset of action

Front 9

this is the dissolving of the smaller particles in the gi fluid before absorption?

Back 9

dissolution

Front 10

the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it?

Back 10

rate limiting

Front 11

fillers and inert substances found in drugs?

Back 11

excipients

Front 12

the process in which the drug passes through the liver first is?

Back 12

the first past effect/ hepatic first pass

Front 13

are active and can cause a pharmacologic response? not bound to protein.

Back 13

free drugs

Front 14

this has a narrow margin of safety AND has a narrow range between ED and LD/ plasma drug levels need to be monitored.

Back 14

low therapeutic index

Front 15

this has a wide margin of safety and less danger of producing toxic effects?

Back 15

high therapeutic index

Front 16

the site on the receptor in which drugs bind

Back 16

ligand-binding domain

Front 17

name 4 receptor families

Back 17

kinase-linked
ligand-gated
g protein-coupled receptor system
nuclear receptors

Front 18

ligand binding is on the cell surface.

Back 18

kinase-linked receptors

Front 19

the drug spans the cell membrane and opens the cell channels?

Back 19

ligand-gated ion channels

Front 20

binding occurs on the cell nucleus and not the surface of the cell?

Back 20

nuclear receptors

Front 21

used for immediate drug response?

Back 21

loading dose

Front 22

drugs that affect various sites are called?

Back 22

nonspecific drugs

Front 23

drugs that affect various receptors are called?

Back 23

nonselective drugs

Front 24

this the highest concentration of drug at a specific time?

Back 24

peak drug level

Front 25

this is the lowest plasma concentration of drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated?

Back 25

trough drug levels

Front 26

the site on the receptor in which drugs bind

Back 26

ligand-binding domain

Front 27

name 4 receptor families

Back 27

kinase-linked
ligand-gated
g protein-coupled receptor system
nuclear receptors

Front 28

ligand binding is on the cell surface.

Back 28

kinase-linked receptors

Front 29

the drug spans the cell membrane and opens the cell channels?

Back 29

ligand-gated ion channels

Front 30

binding occurs on the cell nucleus and not the surface of the cell?

Back 30

nuclear receptors

Front 31

used for immediate drug response?

Back 31

loading dose

Front 32

drugs that affect various sites are called?

Back 32

nonspecific drugs

Front 33

drugs that affect various receptors are called?

Back 33

nonselective drugs

Front 34

this the highest concentration of drug at a specific time?

Back 34

peak drug level

Front 35

this is the lowest plasma concentration of drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated?

Back 35

trough drug levels

Front 36

this is the first phase of drug action and is in the GI tract?

Back 36

pharmaceutical phase

Front 37

this is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action? 4 phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, this is called?

Back 37

pharmacokinetic phase

Front 38

this is the study of drug concentration and its effects on the body?

Back 38

pharmacodynamic phase

Front 39

this is the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors?

Back 39

pharmacogenetics

Front 40

process by which cells cary a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles?

Back 40

pinocytosis

Front 41

this refers to the rapid decrease in response to a drug?

Back 41

tachyphylaxis

Front 42

this estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio.

Back 42

therapeutic index

Front 43

the drug concentration in plasma should be between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action w/out the toxic effect.

Back 43

therapeutic range

Front 44

this evaluates 3 parameters of drug action. onset of drug action/ peak action/ duration of action

Back 44

time response curve

Front 45

what are the 4 routes?

Back 45

intradermal,subcutaneous,intramuscular,and intravenous.

Front 46

this is the first phase of drug action and is in the GI tract?

Back 46

pharmaceutical phase

Front 47

this is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action? 4 phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, this is called?

Back 47

pharmacokinetic phase

Front 48

this is the study of drug concentration and its effects on the body?

Back 48

pharmacodynamic phase

Front 49

this is the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors?

Back 49

pharmacogenetics

Front 50

process by which cells cary a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles?

Back 50

pinocytosis

Front 51

this refers to the rapid decrease in response to a drug?

Back 51

tachyphylaxis

Front 52

this estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio.

Back 52

therapeutic index

Front 53

the drug concentration in plasma should be between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action w/out the toxic effect.

Back 53

therapeutic range

Front 54

this evaluates 3 parameters of drug action. onset of drug action/ peak action/ duration of action

Back 54

time response curve

Front 55

what are the 4 routes?

Back 55

intradermal,subcutaneous,intramuscular,and intravenous.

Front 56

in this method drugs are dispensed from the same container?

Back 56

stock drug method

Front 57

in this method drugs are individually wrapped and labeled for single dose?

Back 57

unit dose method

Front 58

in this method drugs are dispensed from the same container?

Back 58

stock drug method

Front 59

in this method drugs are individually wrapped and labeled for single dose?

Back 59

unit dose method

Front 60

when 2 drugs with similar actions are administered the sum of the effects is called?

Back 60

additive effect

Front 61

is a chemical or physical reaction that occurs among two or more drugs within a syringe, iv bag, or any other environment outside the body is?

Back 61

drug incompatibility

Front 62

when 2 drugs are given together, each drug cancels the effect of the other is called?

Back 62

antagonistic effect

Front 63

when the clinical effects of two medications are greater than by themselves. this is called an?

Back 63

synergistic effect

Front 64

an important type of craving that occurs in the presence of people, places, or things they have associated with drug taking?

Back 64

cue-induced craving

Front 65

a brain system that creates the sensation of pleasure for behaviors necessary for survival such as eating and sex is called?

Back 65

brain reward system

Front 66

term used by health professionals to indicate impaired performance as a result of drug use is called?

Back 66

chemical impairment

Front 67

an inflammatory , hemorrhagic, degenerative condition of the brain resulting from a deficiency of thiamine is called?

Back 67

wernicke's encephalopathy

Front 68

a form of amnesia characterized by loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn is called?

Back 68

korsakoff's psychosis

Front 69

this occurs when an additional cns depressant is taken with alcohol, increasing the effect is called?

Back 69

potentiation

Front 70

may be defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion of a drug is called?

Back 70

pharmacokinetics

Front 71

refers to the mechanisms of action and effect of a drug on the body and includes the onset, peak, and duration of effect of a med is called?

Back 71

pharmacodynamics

Front 72

refers to how a drug interacts at the receptor site or at the target organ?

Back 72

pharmacodynamics