Basic Word Structure

Front 1

HEMAT/O

Back 1

blood

Front 2

LOGY

Back 2

study of

Front 3

HEMATOLOGY

Back 3

study of blood

Front 4

SUFFIX

Back 4

word ending

Front 5

PREFIX

Back 5

a small part added to the beginning of a term

Front 6

ROOT

Back 6

gives the essential meaning of the term

Front 7

COMBINING VOWEL

Back 7

connection between roots and suffixes

Front 8

COMBINING FORM

Back 8

the combination of the root and the combining vowel

Front 9

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG, EKG)

Back 9

record of the electricity in the heart

Front 10

ELECTR/O

Back 10

electricity

Front 11

CARDI/O

Back 11

heart

Front 12

GRAM

Back 12

record

Front 13

How do you need to read the medical terms?

Back 13

from the suffix, back to the beginning of the term, and then accross

Front 14

What do you do when the suffix starts with a vowel?

Back 14

drop the combining vowel (O)

Front 15

What do you do when there are two roots in the term, even if the second root begins with vowel?

Back 15

keep the combining vowel (O)

Front 16

HEARTBEAT

Back 16

sound made by contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle

Front 17

GASTR/O

Back 17

stomach

Front 18

ENTER/O

Back 18

intestines (the small intestine or in general)

Front 19

GASTROENTEROLOGY

Back 19

study of the stomach and the intestines

Front 20

GASTROSCOPE

Back 20

instrument to visually examine the stomach

Front 21

SCOPE

Back 21

instrument to visually examine

Front 22

GASTRIC

Back 22

pertaining to the stomach

Front 23

CARDIAC

Back 23

pertaining to the heart

Front 24

What is IC and AC?

Back 24

suffixes and mean pertaining to

Words ending with -IC and -AC are adjectives that modify a noun.
e.g. gastric pain, gastric cancer, cardiac care, cardiac arrest

Front 25

ENTERITIS

Back 25

inflammation of the intestines

Front 26

ITIS

Back 26

suffix meaning inflammation

Front 27

GASTROENTERITIS

Back 27

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Front 28

SUBGASTRIC

Back 28

pertaining to below the stomach

Front 29

SUB

Back 29

prefix meaning below, under

Front 30

TRANSGASTRIC

Back 30

pertaining to across the stomach

Front 31

TRANS

Back 31

pefix meaning across

Front 32

RETROGASTRIC

Back 32

pertaining to behind the stomach

Front 33

RETRO

Back 33

prefix meaning behind

Front 34

When to use combining vowel?

Back 34

- to connect 2 word roots
- to connect word root and suffix

Front 35

When NOT to use combining vowel?

Back 35

- to connect word root and prefix

Front 36

ADEN/O

Back 36

gland

Front 37

-OMA

Back 37

tumor or mass

Front 38

ARTHR/O

Back 38

joint

Front 39

BI/O

Back 39

life

Front 40

-OPSY

Back 40

to view

Note: living tissue is removed and viewed under the microscope

Front 41

CARCIN/O

Back 41

cancer, cancerous

Front 42

CEPHAL/O

Back 42

head

Front 43

CEPHALIC PRESENTATION

Back 43

when an infant is born with the head delivered first

Front 44

CEREBR/O

Back 44

cerebrum, largest part of the brain

Front 45

-AL

Back 45

pertaining to

Front 46

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

Back 46

stroke

Front 47

-VASCULAR

Back 47

pertaining to blood vessels

Front 48

What happens in a stroke?

Back 48

Blood is prevented from reaching areas of cerebrum. Depending on the location and extent of reduced blood flow, signs and symptoms may include loss of movement (paraysis), loss of speech (aphasia), weakness, and changes in sensation.

Front 49

CYST/O

Back 49

urinary bladder

Front 50

CYT/O

Back 50

cell

Front 51

DERM/O

Back 51

skin

Front 52

DERMAT/O

Back 52

skin

Front 53

ADENOMA

Back 53

gland tumor

Front 54

ARTHRITIS

Back 54

inflammation of the joint

Front 55

BIOLOGY

Back 55

study of life

Front 56

BIOPSY

Back 56

living tissue is removed and viewed under a microscope

Front 57

CARCINOMA

Back 57

cancerous mass

Front 58

CARDIOLOGY

Back 58

study of heart

Front 59

CEPHALIC

Back 59

pertaining to head

Front 60

CEREBRAL

Back 60

pertaining to cerebrum

Front 61

CYSTOSCOPE

Back 61

instrument to visually examine the urinary bladder

Front 62

CYTOLOGY

Back 62

study of cell

Front 63

DERMAL

Back 63

pertaining to skin

Front 64

DERMATITIS

Back 64

inflammation of the skin

Front 65

ENCEPHAL/O

Back 65

brain

Front 66

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)

Back 66

record of the electricity going to the brain

Note: this record is helpful in determining whether a patient has seizure disorder, such as epilepsy

Front 67

COL/O or COLON/O

Back 67

large intestine

Front 68

ERYTHR/O

Back 68

red

Front 69

ERYTHROCYTE

Back 69

red cell
- carry oxygen

Front 70

-CYTE

Back 70

cell

Front 71

-SCOPY

Back 71

process of visual examination using an instrument, or "scope"

Front 72

GNOS/O

Back 72

knowledge

Front 73

DIAGNOSIS

Back 73

complete knowledge gained after testing and examining the patient

Front 74

DIA-

Back 74

complete

Front 75

-SIS

Back 75

state of

Front 76

What is the plural of DIAGNOSIS?

Back 76

DIAGNOSES

Front 77

PROGNOSIS

Back 77

- a prediction (before knowledge) that is actully made after the diagnosis
- forecasts the outcome of treatment

Front 78

PRO-

Back 78

before

Front 79

GYNEC/O

Back 79

woman, female

Front 80

GYNECOLOGY

Back 80

- study of female disorders

- involves both surgical and internal medicine expertise
- often practiced with obstetrics (care of pregnant women and delivery of a fetus)

Front 81

GYNECOLOGIST

Back 81

a specialist in diseases of the female reproductive organs

Front 82

OBSTETRICS

Back 82

care of pregnant women and delivery of a fetus

Front 83

HEM/O
HEMAT/O

Back 83

blood

Front 84

HEMOGLOBIN

Back 84

- protein in red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- helps carry oxygen in the blood

Front 85

How do you create plural in words ending in -A?

Back 85

retain the A and add E

Front 86

How do you create plural in words ending in -IS?

Back 86

drop the IS and add ES

Front 87

How do you create plural in words ending in -EX or -IX?

Back 87

drop the EX or IX, and add ICES

Front 88

How do you create plural in words ending in -ON?

Back 88

drop te ON and add A

Front 89

How do you create plural in words ending in -UM?

Back 89

drop the UM and add A

Front 90

How do you create plural in words ending in -US?

Back 90

drop the US and add I
-exception are viruses and sinuses

Front 91

HEMATOMA

Back 91

- mass or collection of blood under the skin
- a bruise or "black and blue" mark

Front 92

-GLOBIN

Back 92

protein

Front 93

-OMA

Back 93

mass of tumor
swelling containing blood

Front 94

HEPAT/O

Back 94

liver

Front 95

HEPATITIS

Back 95

inflammation of the liver

Front 96

SUBUNGUAL HEMATOMA

Back 96

collection of blood under a nail

Front 97

UNGU/O

Back 97

nail

Front 98

LAPAR/O
ABDOMIN/O

Back 98

abdomen
(area between the chest and the hip)

Front 99

-TOMY

Back 99

incision (cutting into)

Front 100

EXPLORATORY LAPAROTOMY

Back 100

large incision of the abdominal wall made to inspect abdominal organs for evidence of disease

Front 101

ABDOMINAL

Back 101

pretaining to abdomen

Front 102

LEUK/O

Back 102

white

Front 103

LEUKOCYTE

Back 103

- white cell
- 5 types, help fight disease

Front 104

NEPHR/O

Back 104

kidney

- describes abnormal conditions and procedures

Front 105

LAPAROTOMY

Back 105

incision in the abdomen

Front 106

NEPHRECTOMY

Back 106

cutting out the kidney

Front 107

-ECTOMY

Back 107

- cutting out
- an excision or removal

Front 108

NEUR/O

Back 108

nerve

Front 109

NEUROLOGY

Back 109

study of the nerves, the brain, and the spinal cord

Front 110

ONC/O

Back 110

tumor

Front 111

ONCOLOGIST

Back 111

specialist in the study of tumors

Front 112

-IST

Back 112

a specialist

Front 113

OPHTHALM/O

Back 113

eye

Front 114

OPHTHALMOSCOPE

Back 114

- instrument for visual examination of an eye
- allows the ophthalmologist to view the outer and inner areas of the eye

Front 115

OSTE/O

Back 115

bone

Front 116

OSTEOARTHRITIS

Back 116

inflammation of the bone and joint

Front 117

PATH/O

Back 117

disease

Front 118

PATHOLOGIST

Back 118

medical doctor who views biopsy samples to make a diagnosis and examines dead bodies (in an autopsy) to determine the cause of death

Front 119

AUT-

Back 119

self

Front 120

AUTOPSY

Back 120

to see with one's own eyes
- examination of dead body to see the cause of death

Front 121

PSYCH/O

Back 121

mind

Front 122

-OSIS

Back 122

abnormal condition

Front 123

PSYCHOSIS

Back 123

- abnormal condition of the mind
- symptoms include hallucinations and delusions

Front 124

HALLUCINATION

Back 124

unreal sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices when none are present

Front 125

DELUSION

Back 125

fixed, false belief that can't be changed by logical reasoning

Front 126

REN/O

Back 126

kidney

- used with -AL (pertaining to)

Front 127

RENAL

Back 127

pertaining to the kidney

Front 128

RHIN/O

Back 128

nose

Front 129

RHINITIS

Back 129

inflammation of the nose

Front 130

SARC/O

Back 130

flesh

Front 131

SARCOMA

Back 131

cancerous tumor of connective tissue, e.g. muscle, fat, bone, and cartilage

Front 132

CARCINOMA

Back 132

cancerous tumor

-arise from skin tissue and the linings of internal organs

Front 133

THROMB/O

Back 133

clotting

Front 134

THROMBOCYTE

Back 134

or platelet
- blood clotting cell

Front 135

THROMBUS

Back 135

blood clot

Front 136

THROMBOSIS

Back 136

abnormal condition of clot formation

Front 137

NEURAL

Back 137

pertaining to the nerve

Front 138

-ALGIA

Back 138

pain

Front 139

ARTHRALGIA

Back 139

pain of the joint

Front 140

-CYTE

Back 140

suffix
- cell

Front 141

GASTRECTOMY

Back 141

portion of a stomach is removed

Front 142

-EMIA

Back 142

blood condition

Front 143

LEUKEMIA

Back 143

large number of immature, cancerous cells are found in the bloodstream and bone marrow (inner part of bone that makes blood cells)

Front 144

ARTHROGRAM

Back 144

x-ray record of a joint

Front 145

-IA

Back 145

condition

Front 146

CEPHALGIA

Back 146

condition pertaining to the head
-shortened from cephalalgia

Front 147

-ISM

Back 147

condition, process

Front 148

HYPER-

Back 148

excessive

Front 149

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Back 149

condition of excessive thyroid gland secretion

Front 150

-LOGIST

Back 150

specialist in the study of

Front 151

NEUROLOGIST

Back 151

specialist in the study of the nerves

Front 152

HEPATOMA

Back 152

cancerous tumor of liver

Front 153

ENDOCRINOLOGY

Back 153

study of the endocrine glands

Front 154

PATHOLOGY

Back 154

study of disease

Front 155

PSYCHOLOGY

Back 155

study of the mind and mental disorders

Front 156

RHEUMATOLOGY

Back 156

study of joint diseases

Front 157

RHEUMAT/O

Back 157

flow or watery discharge (causes aches and pains in joints)

Front 158

A-
AN-

Back 158

no
not

Front 159

ANEMIA

Back 159

condition of "no blood"

Front 160

AUT-

Back 160

self

Front 161

DIA-

Back 161

- complete (diagnosis)
- through (diameter)

Front 162

DIAGNOSIS

Back 162

here DIA means complete

Front 163

DIAMETER

Back 163

DIA- trought this term
-METER measurement

Front 164

DYS-

Back 164

bad, painful
difficult, abnormal

Front 165

DYSENTERY

Back 165

condition of abnormal, painful intestines
-Y condition or process

Front 166

ENDO-

Back 166

within

Front 167

EDOCRINE GLANDS

Back 167

organs producing (secrete) hormones

e.g.thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
All of these glands secrete hormones WITHIN the body and into the bloodstream

Front 168

CRIN/O

Back 168

to secrete (to form and give off)

Front 169

ENDOCARDIUM

Back 169

inner lining within/of the heart

Front 170

EXO-

Back 170

outside

e.g. exocrine glands - secrete substances to the OUTSIDE of the body

Front 171

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Back 171

e.g. sweat, tear, and mammary (breast) glands, which secrete substances to the OUTSIDE of the body

Front 172

HYPER-

Back 172

excessive, more than normal, too much

Front 173

HYPERGLYCEMIA

Back 173

condition of excessive amounts of sugar in blood

NOTE: can be a sign of diabetes mellitus (sweet)

Front 174

GLYC/O

Back 174

sugar

Front 175

HYPO-

Back 175

below, less than normal, under

Front 176

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Back 176

blood condition of decresed, lower than normal sugar levels

NOTE: results from too much insulin in the bloodstream
-symptoms are weakness, headache, and hunger

Front 177

PRO-

Back 177

before
forward

Front 178

PROSTATE GLAND

Back 178

male exocrine gland standing (-STATE) before the urinary bladder

Front 179

-STATE

Back 179

stands

Front 180

RE-

Back 180

back

Front 181

-SECTION

Back 181

cutting into the organ

Front 182

RESECTION

Back 182

removing some orall of an organ in the sence of cutting back or away

Front 183

SUBHEPATIC

Back 183

pertaining to under the liver

Front 184

TRANSDERMAL

Back 184

pertaining to across the skin

Front 185

TRANSURETHRAL

Back 185

pertaining to across/through the urethra

NOTE: urethra - a tube that leads from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body