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232 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
above the line personel
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a budgetary division reffering to nontechnical personel
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actor
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a person male or female who appears on camera in dramatic roles. Actors always portray someone else
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below the line personnel
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a budgetary division referring to technical personnel
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blocking
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carefully worked-out movement and actions by the talent and for all mobile television equipment
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cue card
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a large, hand lettered card that contains copy, usually held next to the camera lens by the floor personnel
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foundation
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a makeup such as rouge and eye shawdow is applied
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make-up
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cosmetics used to enhance, correct, or change appearance
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nontechnical production personnel
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People concerned primarily with nontechnical production matters that lead from the basic idea to the final screen image. Also called above-the-line personnel
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pancake
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a makeup base, or foundation makeup, usually water soulble and applied with small sponge
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pan stick
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A foundation makeup with grease base.used to cover beard shadow or prominent skin blemish
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performer
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a person who appears on camera non-dramatic shows. Performers play themselves and do not assume someone elses character
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talent
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collective name for all performers and actors who appear regularly on television
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Technical production personnel
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people who operate the production equipment. also called below-the-line personnel.
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telepromter
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a prompting device that projects the moving (usually computer generated) copy ove rthe lens so that the talent can read it without losing eye-contact with the viewer. Also called auto cue
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Television Objectives
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Audience
entertaining advertisers for target audience focus group pro-social message |
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Which is more ecpensive film or tape...takes more time?
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film more expensive and takes more time
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format
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the langth of the show
how you set up the show |
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camera blocking
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have to decided which shot from which camera you want
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soap operas are taped in...
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segments
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single camera takes--------- to shoot
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longer
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continuity
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keeping thins the same betweeen takes
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the ratio for how much you should shoot is
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10 to 1
or 13 minutes for a minute 15 second spot |
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single camera
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commercials
dramas some interviews |
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Post production
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strike the set
editing (live on tape ideally should not need editing) |
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type of camera we have
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sony dxc d35
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Cervo lens
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motor run lens
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full shot
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head to toe
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knee shot
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just above the knees
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medium shot
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just above the elbow
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FIst
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30 seconds
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winding finer
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15 seconds
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stretch
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keep going
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hand over hand
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speed up
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finger to the nose
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your running out of time
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FIlm is...
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photographic
Load camera with chemical plastic strip the light hits the strip causing a chemical reaction |
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film roll---- frames per second
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24
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persistance of vision
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your brain recongnises it as a continuous picture
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VIdeo is...
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an electronic process
it breaks the picture into pixels that convert the light into electrical signals |
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the tube that converts light into electrical signals
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cathode ray tube
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the electron beam scans......lines
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525
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it scans in-----
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interlace it scans the even then the odds
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it gives you the odd then the even field in --- of a second
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1/60th
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on video there are--- frames per second
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30
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kinoscope
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tape film off of a tv
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tvs limitations
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shape limitation ( 3 by 4)
size limitation (small screen) |
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Moire effect
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rainbow of colors that vibrate
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High resolution
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has lots of fine detail
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low resolution
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simple detail
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NTSC
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national television systems committee
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the ntsc selected
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the first color system for the country which was RCAs system
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the three colors of television are..
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red green and blue
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if you mix red and green you get...
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yellow
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if you mix red and blue...
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magenta
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if you mix green and blue ...
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Cyan
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if you mix all three color green blue and red you get...
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white
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Hue
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tint of the color
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saturation
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purity or the strength
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luminance
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same as the brightness
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Types of internal optics
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prisms, Mirrors, striped filter, pirsims are the best
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the internal optics...
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split the colors into their primary color
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PAL
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another form of tv system Phase alternate line
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SECAM
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another form of TV system SEquential color and memory
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the tv system differed because...
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of political, economic and engineering reasons
Isolation,different power system,wanted to support there engineers |
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NTSC countries
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canada,costa rica,japan
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PAL countries
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sweden, england, germany, poland, italy
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SECAM countries
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france
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PAL and Secam have---- lines
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625
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we are leavign NTSC and moving to---
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HD
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HDTV
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1080 i...1080 line using interlances scanning has 30 frames per second has a 9 by 16 frame and has cd quality sound
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720p
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progressive scanning 720 lines reads the lines in order
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480
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standard digital it is progressive so it reads the lines in order
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which takes up more space in the spectrum digital or analog
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analog
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the lights needed for indoor lighting of wkus studio camera
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3200k
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for outhdorr lighting
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5600k 1/8nd
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outdoor cloudy light
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5600k
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outdorr extreme light
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5600k 1/64nd
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nd in 5600k i/64nd stands for
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neutral density
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the fstop changes...
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the iris opening
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the widest the fstop opens to is
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f- 1.8
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the smallest the fstop opens to is
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f-16
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depth of field
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area of exceptable focus across different planes of depth
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shallow depth
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only one object is in focus
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the depth of field is shaped by
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1) iris setting (fstop)
2) distance between camera and object 3)focal length |
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focal length
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the distance from the center of the optics to the target plate measured in mm
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the shorter focal length...
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the greater the depth of field
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the longer the focal length...
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the more shallow the depth of field
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Rack focus
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CHange the focus quickly in a scene
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in ---- the analog signal will be turned off
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2009
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the electromagnetic spectrum has never....
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been sold before
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arc
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to move the camera in a slightly curved dolly or truck
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CAm head
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a camera mounting head for heavy cameras that permits extremely smooth tlts and pans
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cant
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tilting the shoulder mounted or ahndheld camera sideways
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crab
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sideways motion of the camera cranes dolly base
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crane
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motion pictures camera support
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boom
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to move the camera up or down
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dolly
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move the camera toward or away from the subject
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fluid head
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most popular moving camera head allows for smooth tilts and pans
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high hat
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cyloindricla camera head that can be bolted to a dolly or sckenery no need for a tripod or pedestal
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jib arm
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permits the operator to raise loweer tougue (SIDEWAYS) the camera while tilting and panning
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monopod
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a single pole you can mount a camera on
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pan
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to turn the camera horizontaly
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pedestal
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heavy camera dolly that permits raising and lowering the camera while in the air
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quick release plate
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mounting plate used to attatch camocordered and eng cameras to a fluid head
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robotic pedestal
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guided by computerised system this can store and execute a great number of camera moves
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spreader
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a triangular base mount that provided stabillity and locks the tripod tips in the place to prevent the legs from spreading
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steadicam
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camera mount whose built-in springs hold the camera steady while the operator moves
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tilt
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to point the camera up and down
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tougue
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to move the boom or jib arm with the camera from left to right or right to left
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track
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another name for truck
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tripod
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a three legged camera mount. can be connected to a dolly for easy maneiverability
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truck
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to move the camera laterally from left to right or vise vera
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wedge mount
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wedge shaped plate attatched to the bottom of a studio camera used to attach heavier cameras
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zoom
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to change the len in order to get a closer picture
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z axis
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line representing an extension of the lens from the camera to the horizon the depth deminsion
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two shot
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framing of two people
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three shot
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framing of three people
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shot sheet
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a list of every shot a paticular camera has to get. it is attatched to the camers to help the camera operator remember the shot sequance
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over the sholder shot
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camera person looks over a persons shoulder at another person
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noseroom
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the space left in frount of a person looking or pointing toward the edge of the screen
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medium shot
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just abover the elbow
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knee shot
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just abover the knee
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leadroom
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the space left in front of a person or an object moving toward the edge of the screen
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headroom
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the space left between the top of the head and the upper screen edge
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follow focus
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maintaining the focus of the lens in a shallow depth of field so the image in continously kept sharp
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extreme long shot
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shows the object from a great distance
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cross shot
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shows the object with very tight frameing
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closure
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mentally filling in spaces of an incomplete picture
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bust shot
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framing of a person from the upper torso to the top of the head
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automatic gain control
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regulates the volume of the audio or video level automaticly without using manual controls
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full shot
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head to toe
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480p
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the loweset resolution of DTV it has 480 lines and is progressive (it scanns line by line
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720p
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720 line scans in progressive (line by line)
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1080i
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1080 lines scans it in interlaced frame is formed by two scanning fields
this is HDTV |
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analog
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a signal that fluctuates exactly like the original stimulus
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aspect ratio
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the width to height proportion; ANalog is 3 by 4 : HDTV is 9 by 16
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Binary
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a number system with the base of two
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binary digit (bit)
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the smallest amount of information a computer can hold. A charge is represented by a one, zero or nothing
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coding
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to change the quantizzed values into the binary code
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compression
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reducing the amount of data to be stored or transmitted by using coding schemes that pack the data into les space
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decoding
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the reconstruction of video from the code
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digital
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usually means the binary system the representation of data
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digital television
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has higher resolution
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quantizing
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a step that digitalization of an analog signal
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downloading
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the transfer of files that are sent in data packets
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field
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a location away from the studio
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RGB
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red green and blue the basic colors of television
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refresh rate
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the number of complete digital scanning cycles per second
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streaming
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a way of delevering and recieving digital audio or video continously as the delievery is in progree
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feed
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signal transmission from one program source to another
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contrast range of analog tv
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40:1
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contrast range of Hdtv
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100:1
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limitations of TV
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Small screen (closeups and medium shots) Aspect ratio (3x4, 9x16) Resolution (525 lines good lighting) contrast range (40:1, 100:1)
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video tape gets...
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30 frames per second
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internal optics...
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split color into its primary tv color
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indoor lighting
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3200k
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outdoor lighting
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5600k 1/8nd
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outdoor cloudy
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5600k
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outdoor extreme
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5600k 1/64nd
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nd
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neutral density
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depth of field
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area of exceptable focus across different plans of depth
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shallow depth
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one object is in focus
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Focul length
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distance from the center of the optics to the target place measured in mm
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shorter the focul length...
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...the greater the depth of field
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long focal length...
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...shallow depth of field
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iris setting
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measured in Fstops
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F-16
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give you a closer depth of fild; smallest opening
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F-1.8
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largest opening
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Rack focus
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change in focus
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in 2009...
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...the analog signal will be turned off
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focul length of 25mm is a...
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normal lens; medium
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focul length of less than 25 mm
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short lens; wide angle
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focul length greater than 25mm
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long lens
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focal length of 100mm and beyond
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telephoto lens
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telephots lens
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makes movement slower toward the camera; objects in the distande look larger; space between objects compress
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short lens
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objects look further apart; movement is faster toward the camera; objects closer to the camera look larger
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fish eye lens
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180 panorama view
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lens splitter
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bifocal lens; in focus from close-up to far away
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star burst
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light reflecting off metal creates little stars
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Diffusion filter
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sofens the light also sofens wrinkles
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netral density
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this blocks out some of the light
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contrast filter
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either focus' on the white or the dark normally it concentrates on the white first
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the human eye can see...
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1000 to 1
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a soft contrast filter...
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pulls the whites down
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a low contrast filter...
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....pulls up the dark
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televisoion has trouble reproducing...
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reds
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to help resolution stick to....
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bold simple lines
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smear
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bright light with low light
for a birthday cake smear the in studio camera candles would have to be 250 foot |
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Gain
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allows you to push the electronics to pick up and image
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p.L.
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stands for private line or phone line
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line-out
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the line that carries the final video or audio output for broadcast
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line moniter
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the moniter that shows only the line out pictures
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beam splitter
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compact internal optical system of prisims that dvided the color into RGB
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how many candles would be needed to light our studio
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250 foot candles
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sync pulses
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electronic pulses that syncronise the scanning in the various wideo origination sources
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shading
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adjusting picture contrast to the optimal contrast range; controlling the color and the black and white levels
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pixel
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short for picture lement, the more picture elements the higher the picture quality
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signal to noise ratio
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the relation of the strength of desired signal to to the accompanying electronic interferance; a high s/n ratio is desirable
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aperture
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iris opening of a lens usually measured in f-stops
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calibrate
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to keep the lens in focus throughout the zoom
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Four stages of PRoduction
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preproduction
setup and rehersal production postproduction |
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Four stages of PRoduction
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preproduction
setup and rehersal production postproduction |
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parts of setup
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set construction
hang and focus lights audio setup prepare video and film playbacks |
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Parts of rehersal
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cry rehersal
camera blocking run-through dress rehersal |
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LIVE production
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program starts and ends according to preplanned airtime
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Live on tape
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production proceeds through without stops.edit only in special cases
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Taped in segments
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production is tped in short segments with multiple cameras. shooting schedule is planned for maximum convenience and effeciency
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single camera
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production is teped with a single camera allows for maximum creative control
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multiple camera
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all editing done postproduction; each camera goes to seperate vtr
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postproduction things to do
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studio strike
video tape editing audio sweetening evalutation of program to see if it met its objectives |
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Range extender
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an optical attatchment to the zoom lens that extendes its focal length
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minumum object distance
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how close the camera can get to an object and still focus on it
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macro position
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a lens settign that allows it to be focuded and very close distances
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narrow angle lens
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agives a close up view of an event relatively far away from the camera
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slow lens
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a lens that permits relatively small amount of light through its maximum aperture...can only be used in well lighted areas
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selective focus
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emphasizing ans object in a shallow depth of field through focus while keep the foreground and or backround out of focus
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servo zoom control
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zoom control that activates motor driven mechanisms
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fast lens
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a lens that permits a relatively great amount of light to pass through at its maximum aperture...can be used in low light conditions
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field of view
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the portion of the secene visible through a paticular lens
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CCU
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camera control unit ( this eneables the video operator to adjust the camera picture during the show)
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CCD
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sharged coupled device (the chip that is the imaging elements in a television camera)
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Chromance channel (c-channel)
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consists of the three colors of television REd GREEN BLUE
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contrast ratio
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the difference between the brightest and darkest portion in the picture.
tv is 40 to 1 (the brightest spot in the picture should not be fourty times that of the darkest part) |
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white balance
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the adjustments of the color circuits in the camera to produce a white color in lighting of various color temperatures
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Electronic Cinema
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a high defenition camera that has the frame rate of 24 frames per second
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sampling
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the process of reading from an analog signal many spaced portions for conversion into digital code
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tapeless system
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recording etc. of video onto a computer rather than video tape
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EFP
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electronic field production- television production outside of the studio
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ENG
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Electronic news gathering- transmitted live or immidiately after postproduction (requires setup)
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intercom
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intercommunication system; used by productiona nd technical personaell to communicate via headphones etc.
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preview monitor
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any moniter that show the next source of video
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program speaker
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a loudspeeker in the control room that controls the program sound
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studio talkback
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a public adress system form the control room to the studio
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