Basic Speech Communication Test 2

Front 1

process of creating or sharing meaning in an informal sit, group interaction, or public speaking

Back 1

communcation

Front 2

words, sounds and actions that are generally understood to represent ideas and feelings

Back 2

symbols

Front 3

the process of putting our thoughts and feelings in to words and verbal cues

Back 3

encoding

Front 4

the process of interpresting others messages

Back 4

decoding

Front 5

both the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation

Back 5

channel

Front 6

the setting in which communication occurs, including what precedes and follows what is said

Back 6

context

Front 7

reactions and responses to messages

Back 7

feedback

Front 8

any stimulus that interferes with the process of sharing meaning

Back 8

noise

Front 9

communication functions

Back 9

to meet our social needs, to develop and maintain our sense of self, to develop relationships, to exchange information, to influence others

Front 10

spoken without much conscious thought

Back 10

spontaneous expressions

Front 11

phrasings learned from past encounters that we judge to be appropriate to the present situation

Back 11

scripted messages

Front 12

messages put together with careful thought when we recognize that our known scripts are inadequate for the situation

Back 12

constructed messages

Front 13

the degree of liking or attractiveness in a relationship

Back 13

immediacy

Front 14

the impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in a given situation

Back 14

communication competence

Front 15

communication scholar that studied communication competence

Back 15

brian spitzberg

Front 16

4 ways to improve communication skills

Back 16

state the problem, state the specific goal, outline a specific procedure for reaching the goal, devise a method for determining when the goal has been reached

Front 17

a theory claiming that language influences perception

Back 17

Sapir-Whorf theory

Front 18

the direct explicit meaning a speech community formally gives a word

Back 18

denotation

Front 19

the feelings or evaluations we associate with a word

Back 19

connotation

Front 20

the position of a word in a sentence and the other words around it

Back 20

syntactic context

Front 21

cultures in which messages are direct, specific and detailed (US)

Back 21

low-context cultures

Front 22

cultures in which messages are indirect, general and ambiguous (asia)

Back 22

high-context cultures

Front 23

use of words and empathy and support, emphasize concrete and personal language and show politeness and tentativeness in speaking

Back 23

feminine styles of language

Front 24

use words of status and problem solving, emphasize abstract and general language and show assertiveness and control in speaking

Back 24

masculine styles of speaking

Front 25

words that clarify meaning by narrowing what is understood from a general category to a particular item or group within the category

Back 25

specific words

Front 26

words that appeal to the senses and help us see, hear, smell, taste or touch

Back 26

concrete words

Front 27

words that narrow a larger category

Back 27

precise words

Front 28

wording that is full of life, vigorous, bright and intense

Back 28

vivid wording

Front 29

the process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it

Back 29

perception

Front 30

what are the 3 aspects of attention and selection and how does each affect what we pay attention to

Back 30

needs - we are more likely to pay attention to information that meets our biological and physiological needs, interests - pay attn to info that pertains to our interests, expectations - likely to see what we expect to see & miss info that violates expectations

Front 31

two common principles involved in organizing stimuli and what they mean

Back 31

simplicity - if stimuli are complex the brain simplifies them into some commonly recognized form, pattern - a set of characteristics used to differentiate some things from others

Front 32

assignment of meaning to information

Back 32

interpretation

Front 33

what is the difference between self concept and self esteem

Back 33

self concept - self identity, the idea you have about your skills, abilities, knowledge, etc; self esteem - overall evaluation of your competence and personal worth

Front 34

gap between our inaccurate self perceptions and reality, give an example

Back 34

incongruence, if someone possesses skills and abilities necessary to excel at a sport but doesn't think they are skilled then they may not play well

Front 35

events that happen as a result of being foretold, expected, or talked about. example

Back 35

self-fulfilling prophecies, if someone says to themselves "I doubt I'll have fun at the party" then they probably won't

Front 36

what are 2 ways inaccurate self-perceptions can become magnified

Back 36

self fulfilling prophecies, filtering messages

Front 37

paying attention to messages that reinforce current self-image while discarding other messages

Back 37

filtering messages

Front 38

t/f self esteem and self concept cannot change

Back 38

false

Front 39

a direct comparison of dissimilar things

Back 39

simile

Front 40

a comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared

Back 40

metaphor

Front 41

the weight or importance given to certain words or ideas

Back 41

emphasis

Front 42

specifying the time or time period that a fact was true or known to be true

Back 42

dating information

Front 43

the mental and verbal practice of acknowledging the presence of individual differences when voicing generalizations

Back 43

indexing generalizations

Front 44

technical terms only understood by select groups (use sparingly)

Back 44

jargon

Front 45

abnormal vocabulary used by particular groups in society

Back 45

slang

Front 46

using words that may apply only to one sex race, or other group as though they represent everyone

Back 46

generic language

Front 47

terms are changes because of the sex race or other characteristic of the individual

Back 47

nonparallel language

Front 48

the addition of sex, race, gender or other designations to a description

Back 48

marking

Front 49

to generalize and perceive that a person has a whole set of characteristics when you have actually observed only one characteristic, trait, or behavior

Back 49

halo effect

Front 50

an attitude about a group of people that predisposes an individual to feel, think, or act in a negative way around that group

Back 50

prejudice

Front 51

negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership

Back 51

discrimination

Front 52

theorist and theory that is based on the premise that we have strong expectations about how people should behave when they interact with us and how we interpret a violation of these expectations depends on how we feel about the person who committed the violation

Back 52

expectancy violation theory, judee burgoon

Front 53

the interpretation of a person's use of time

Back 53

chronemics

Front 54

a time orientation that emphasizes doing one thing at a time

Back 54

monochronic time orientation

Front 55

a time orientation that emphasizes doing multiple things at once

Back 55

polychronic time orientation

Front 56

round and heavy body type

Back 56

endomorph

Front 57

muscular and athletic body type

Back 57

mesomorph

Front 58

lean and little muscle development

Back 58

ectomorph

Front 59

object and possessions we use to decorate the physical space we control

Back 59

artifacts

Front 60

the physical environment over which you exert control

Back 60

physical space

Front 61

the distance you try to maintain when you interact with other people

Back 61

personal space

Front 62

process of monitoring the social environment to learn more about self and others, who is known for this theory

Back 62

uncertainty reduction, Charles Berger

Front 63

to generalize and perceive that a person has a whole set of characteristics when you have actually observed only one characteristic, trait, or behavior

Back 63

halo effect

Front 64

attributions that cover up individual differences and ascribe certain characteristics to an entire group of people

Back 64

stereotypes

Front 65

an attitude about a group of people that predisposes an individual to feel, think, or act in a negative way around that group

Back 65

prejudice

Front 66

why are stereotypes problematic

Back 66

because they are often inaccurate

Front 67

negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership

Back 67

discrimination

Front 68

reasons we give for others' behavior, example

Back 68

attributions, saying a coworker is late because their car broke down

Front 69

a way to asses the accuracy of a perception that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person's nonverbal behavior, what are the 3 steps, what is an example

Back 69

perception check, 1) watch behavior 2) ask what behavior means to you 3) describe behavior and put interpretation into words to verify your perception; You look upset, am I right?

Front 70

group of people who speak the same language

Back 70

speech community

Front 71

symbols used by a speech community to represent objects, ideas, and feelings

Back 71

words

Front 72

the interpretation of a person's use of space

Back 72

proxemics

Front 73

the variety, melody or inflection in one's voice

Back 73

intonation

Front 74

the sound of a person's voice

Back 74

quality

Front 75

the speed at which a person speaks

Back 75

rate

Front 76

the loudness or softness of tone

Back 76

volume

Front 77

the highness or lowness of vocal tone

Back 77

pitch

Front 78

the voiced but not verbal part of a spoken message

Back 78

paralanguage

Front 79

the interpretation of the message based on paralinguistic features

Back 79

vocalics

Front 80

extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech (um, uhh, err)

Back 80

vocalized pauses

Front 81

the interpretation of touch

Back 81

haptics

Front 82

posture in relation to another person

Back 82

body orientation

Front 83

the position and movement of the body

Back 83

posture

Front 84

the arrangement of facial muscles to communicate emotional states or reactions to messages

Back 84

facial expressions

Front 85

bodily actions and vocal qualities that typically accompany a verbal message

Back 85

nonverbal communication behaviors

Front 86

interpretation of bodily motions used in communication

Back 86

kinesics

Front 87

movement of hands, arms, fingers. what two purposes does it serve

Back 87

gesture, describe, emphasize

Front 88

type of gesture that augments verbal message by describing physical characteristics of something

Back 88

illustrator

Front 89

type of gesture that can stand alone or substitute for a word

Back 89

emblem

Front 90

type of gesture that occurs unconsciously as a response to a physical need

Back 90

adaptor

Front 91

can differ from person to person and situation to situation. talkers hold it for what percent of time, listeners?

Back 91

eye contact, 40, 70

Front 92

goal oriented actions or action sequences that we can master and repeat in appropriate situations

Back 92

skills

Front 93

what two perceptions of self can change over time, leading to changes in self perception, when is a change in one of these most likely to occur

Back 93

self-concept, self-esteem, when experiencing a profound social change

Front 94

what is the primary conveyor of our emotions

Back 94

nonverbal communication

Front 95

4 steps to interpret nonverbal messages

Back 95

don't assume that a particular behavior means a certain thing, consider cultural, gender, and individual differences, pay attention to multiple aspects of nonverbal comm and how they relate to verbal comm, use perception checking

Front 96

5 steps in sending nonverbal messages

Back 96

be conscious of nonverbal behavior, be purposeful/strategic, make sure nonverbal cues do not distract from overall message, match nonverbal comm to verbal comm, adapt nonverbal behavior to situation