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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Qué |
What |
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Quién |
Who |
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Cuáles
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Which/ which ones/ what
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Cómo |
How |
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Quiénes |
Who (plural) |
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Definite Articles in Spanish (4 forms) (In English, "the") |
el: masculine singular los: masculine plural la: feminine singular las: feminine plural |
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Indefinite Articles in Spanish (4 forms) (In English "a"/"an"/"some"/"a few") |
un: masculine singular unos: masculine plural una: feminine singular unas: feminine plural |
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Subject Pronouns |
yo: I tú: you (informal) usted: you (formal and shows respect) él: he ella: she nosotros: we (masculine or mixed) nosotras: we (feminine) ustedes: you all (formal and informal if not in Spain) vosotros: you all (informal, masculine or mixed) (Mostly used in Spain) vosotras: you all (informal, feminine) (Mostly used in Spain) ellos: they (masculine or mixed) ellas: they (feminine) |
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Regular Verb Endings (3 types) |
-ar: hablar -er: comer -ir: vivir |
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Conjugate yo verbs |
Drop the ending and add -o
ex: hablo, como, vivo |
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Conjugate usted/él/ella verbs |
Drop the ending and add either -a (if the verb is an -ar verb) or -e (if the verb is an -er or -ir verb)
ex: habla, come, vive |
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Conjugate nosotros/nosotras verbs |
Drop the ending and add according to the following:
-ar: -amos -er: -emos -ir: -imos
ex: hablamos, comemos, vivimos |
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Cojugate ustedes/ellos/ellas verbs (You all and they verbs) |
Drop the ending and add -an (for -ar verbs) or -en (for -er or -ir verbs)
ex: hablan, comen, viven |
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Conjugate tú verbs |
Drop the ending and add -as (for -ar verbs) or -es (for -er or -ir verbs)
ex: hablas, comes, vives |
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Forms of adjectives that end in -o (4) |
Adjectives that end in -o change forms for both masculine/feminine and singular/plural:
rojo: masculine singular (libro rojo) rojos: masculine plural (libros rojos) roja: feminine singular (pluma roja) rojas: feminine plural (plumas rojas) |
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Forms of adjectives that end in -e (2) |
Adjectives that end in -e DO NOT change forms for masculine/feminine but do change forms for singular/plural:
intelligente: masculine/feminine singular intelligentes: masculine/feminine plural |
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Forms of adjectives that end in a consonant (2) |
Adjectives that end in a consonant DO NOT change forms for masculine/feminine but do change forms for singular/plural:
popular: masculine/feminine singular populares: masculine/feminine singular |
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When to use the verb estar |
Use estar to address condition
ex: la manzana está verde (the apple is unripe)
Use estar to address HOW something is
ex: ella está callada (she IS BEING quiet)
Also use estar for the following: geographic or physical location state or condition many idiomatic expressions progressive tenses |
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How to conjugate estar (an irregular verb) |
estar: to be estoy: Yo estoy estás: tú estás está: estamos: estáis: están: |
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When to use the verb ser |
Use ser to address a quality
ex: la manzana es verde (the apple is green)
Use ser to address WHAT something is
ex: Ellas es callada (she IS quiet)
Also use ser for the following:
the hour, day, date place of origin occupation nationality religious or political affiliation the material something is made of possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities |
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How to conjugate ser (an irregular verb) |
ser soy eres es somos sois son |
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ser and estar contrasting uses |
When a noun follows a verb, use ser When an adjective follows a verb, decide between "essence" and "condition" To tell where something is from, use ser To tell where something is located right now, use estar To tell where an event is taking place, use ser |
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List the 5 possessive adjectives |
mi: me (singular) mis: me (plural) tu: your (singular, informal) tus: your (plural, informal) su: his/her/their/your (singular, your: formal) sus: his/her/their/your (plural, your: formal) nuestro: our (4 forms: nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras) vuestro: your (informal, primarily in Spain) |
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Conjugate tener (an irregular verb) |
tener: to have
tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen |
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Conjugate venir (ani rregular verb) |
venir: to come
vengo vienes viene venimos venis vienen |
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English direct object definition |
The direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
ex: Mike hit the ball ex: George calls Mary ex: He calls her |
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When to use the personal "a" |
- When the direct object is a person - When the direct object is an animal, especially a pet, that the speaker has personal feelings for - NOT when the direct object is not a person or animal for which no personal feeling are felt - NOT after the verb tener or the verb form hay - NOT when the direct object is an indefinite person (such as a doctor or gardener) |
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el desayuno |
breakfast |
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el amuerzo |
lunch |
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la cena |
dinner |
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azúcar |
sugar |
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la cebolla |
onion |
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el emperedado |
sandwich |
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la fresa |
strawberry |
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el limón |
lemon |
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la papa |
potato |
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la sal |
salt |
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la sopa |
soup |
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el té |
tea |
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el tomate |
tomato |
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la araña |
spider |
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el cangrejo |
crab |
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el cerdo |
pig/pork |
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el conejo |
rabbit |
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el mono |
monkey |
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el oso |
bear |
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el pájaro |
bird |
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el pato |
duck |
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el pingüino |
penguin |
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la llave |
keys |
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el palabra |
word |
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el abrigo |
coat |
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la bota |
boot |
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calcetines |
socks |
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el cinturón |
belt |
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la corbata |
tie (as in neck tie) |
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la falda |
skirt |
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el suéter |
sweater |
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el vestido |
dress (or clothing) |
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traje |
suit |
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mio/mia |
mine |
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suyo |
his, hers, your, theirs |
