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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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missing pedicle sign
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metastatic disease
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length flap for amputation
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1/2 diameter limb at bone cut + 1cm
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leave which muscles longest in AKA?
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Adductors so myodesis can be over end of femur
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chronic osteo wound worry?
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marjolin ulcer- uclerating squamous cell cx
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when CRP and ESR peak after surgery
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CRP on day 2, ESR on day 5
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ASIA Impairment Scale
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A=Compl, B= + sens, - motor, C=1/2 muscles grade less 3, D= 1/2 3 or more, E= Normal
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normal length of spinal shock p cord injury
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forty-eight hours
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spinal shock ends one what reflex returns
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bulbocavernosus except when sacral or conus trauma
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steroid protocol for SCI if within 3 hrs injury
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30mg/kg bolus then 5.4mg/kg for 23 hrs
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protocol steroids if present b/t 3- 8 hrs injury
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30mg/kg bolus then 5.4mg/kg for 47 hrs
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part of sarcomere that does not change in length
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A band (a for always)
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what part of muscle incr c strength training
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muscle fiber size
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quad hit in football, how splint leg + why
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splint in flexion to prev hematoma formation
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what connects periosteum to bone
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sharpey’s fibers
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tendon + lig made of what type collagen, which higher %?
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type I collagen, higher % in tendon
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collagenase dissolves?
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typle I and III collagen, wary of tendon rupture
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tendon repair weakest at what time
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7-10 days out
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severed neural tube nerve injury called
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neurotmesis
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can repair nerve if what part is intact?
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endoneurium
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femoral head blood supply
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MFCA
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highest rate of failure w what type fem neck fx
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subcapital
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gold standard to dx stress fx
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MRI
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when fix fem neck, no screw start below what?
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lesser troch
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screw order when doing inver triangle fem neck
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1. inferior, 2. posterior, 3. anterior
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tip-apex dist should be in fem neck
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under 25, under 20 if poss, add ap+lat distances
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placement of dhs screw that is best
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dead center
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foraminal disc herniation =
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far lateral, affects upper nerve root
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FGFR3 mutation
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Achondroplasia
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COMP
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Pseudoachondroplasia / MED
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Missing clavicles
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Cleidocranial dysplasia
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Diastrophic dysplasia defect in what protein
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sulfate transporter protein
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only structural genetic defect / dysplasia that is AR
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diastrophic dysplasia. everything else usually AD
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warm & cold ischemia time prox to carpus
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six hrs warm, 12 hrs cold
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distal to carpus warm and cold ischemia time
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12 warm, 24 cold
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Moberg volar advancement flap is good for what size defect
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under 2cm
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flap for defect over 2cm
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island volar flap
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base deficit normal
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-2 to 2
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lactate normal
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under 2.5
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prox metaphyseal tibia fx usual malreduction is
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valgus and procurvatum
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always place blocking screws in the ___ of the deformity
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concavity
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most imp indicator for limb salvage v amputation in open fx
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severity of soft tissue injury
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case control is what level study? |
level 3 |
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abx that inhibit DNA gyrase |
quinolones |
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water content in aging vs OA |
water down aging water up OA |
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how reduce radiation exposure for surgeon and patient? |
using the mini C-arm, imaging a smaller body part, and moving the body part away from the xray source |
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bisphosphonate % decrease of fx in osteoporotic ptn at 1 year and 3 years? |
65% following one year of treatment and by 41% following 3 years of treatement |
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WTF is the function of the core binding factor alpha-1 (Cbfa1/Runx2)? |
Osteoblastic differentiation |
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Which molecule binds to the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals and prevents protein prenylation |
alendronate |
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Which bone modulator primarily utilizes adenylyl cyclase as a mediator for its cellular signaling within osteocytes? |
Parathyroid hormone |
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In muscle, Force generated is most dependent on |
muscle cross sectional area |
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in muscle, duration and speed of contraction is most dependent on |
muscle fiber type |
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calcium daily intake if over 9 yoa? |
1000-1500mg (same even if osteoporotic) |
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power definition |
1- (prob type II error), often set at 80% |
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what is genomic imprinting? |
the allele that is expressed is determined solely on which parent contributes it. In Angelman syndrome the defective gene comes from the mother, leading to epilepsy, tremors, and smiling facies. In Prader-Willi syndrome the defective gene comes from the father resulting in hypotonia, obesity, hypogonadism. These are classic examples of genetic imprinting in humans Usually, diseases resulting from defective structural proteins are autosomal dominant, while defective enzymes are autosomal recessive. |
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plasmid? |
An extrachromosomal, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently of host DNA |
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relative risk is ratio of? |
incidences between 2 groups |
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Nitrogen containing bisphos mechanism? examples? |
Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates (such as risedronate, alendronate, pamidronate and zoledronate) [RAPZ] inhibit the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase which prevents protein geranylgeranylation and prevents osteoclastic bone resorption. |
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Non-nitrogen containing bisphos mech? examples? |
n-nitrogren containing bisphosphonates (etidronate, tiludronate, clodronate) [ETC] work by creating a toxic analog of ATP which inhibits ATP and leads to osteoclast apoptosis. |
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categorical data tests? for small groups v large groups? |
fisher's exact- for smalller groups chi-square- for large groups |
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continuous data tests if 2 groups or 3+? |
2 groups: t test more than 2 tests: ANOVA |
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determine relationship b/t 2 variables in continuous data set? |
pearson correlation coefficient |
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zone of articular cartilage w highest conc of proteoglycans and lowest conc of water? |
deep |
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amputation level energy expenditure long / average tibia bilateral tibia femur / bilateral femur |
long tibia: 10% / avg tibia 25% bil tibia: 40% femur: 65% / bil femur: 250% |
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multiple epiphyseal dysplasia mutation? |
COMP (Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) |
