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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical of two subdivison
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CNS and PNS
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CNS
Anatomic |
Brain and spinal cord, prtotective coverings (meninges) and fluid filled spaces
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pERIPHERAL n s
Anatomic |
cRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVES
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Physiology or functionally into two systems
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Somatic Nervous System
and Autonomic (Visceral Nervous system (AnS) |
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Functional: Somatic NS
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body wall ( muscles, skin, and mucous membranes)
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Functional: Autonomic
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Contains portions of the central and peripheral systems. It controls the activities of the smooth muscles , glands of the internal organs and the blood vessels and returns sensory- efferent or afferent
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The Brain subdivisions
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Cerebrum
Brain stem Cerebellum |
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Which is phylogentically advanced?
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Cerebrum
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Cerebrum (forebrain) consist of
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telecephalon and diencephalon
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telencephalon
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include cerebral cortex (gray matter), subcorttical white matter
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white matter
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carries high lipid-rich myelin, not neuronal cell bodies or synapies
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Major subdivisions of diencephalon
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thalammus and hypothalamus
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brain stem consist of
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midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, and medulla oblongata.
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cerebellum includes
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vermis and two lateral lobes
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Ventricles
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a system of spaces
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The brain accounts for
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2% of the body's weight, and contains billions of neurons and glial cells
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Functional Units include
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neurons, axon, nuclei, ganglica
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Neurons are
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specialized cells that receive and send signals to other cells through ther extension or axons
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Neurons
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large cell bodies and long axons
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interneurons
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small cell bodies and short axon, transmit impulse locally
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Nerve cells serving a common function
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are frequently grouped together into nuceli
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fOutside CNS where nerve cells are grouped and connected are called
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ganglia
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Glial cells
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support the activity of neurons 10:1
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What is mediated by primitive behaviors
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monosynaptic chain of two neurons connected by a synapse and require larger polysnyaptic
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Fasciculi
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Connections or pathways between groups of neurons in the CNS are in the form of fiber bundles or tracts
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Columns or funiculi
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aggregates of tracts seen in the spinal cord
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Tracts in cerebrum to the brain or spinal cord
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descend tract
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Tracts ascend
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spinal cord to cerebrum
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Verticcal connections
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decussate or cross from one side of the CNS
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Horizontal (lateral)
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commisures
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Multiple tracts
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redudancy
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Tracts and Commisures
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fasciculi, columuns, ascend, descend, decussate, commisures, redudancy
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Symmetry of the nervous system
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bilateral system. cerebrum and cerebellum are organized into right and left hemisphers. Brain stem and spinal cord is bilateral sysmetry
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General theme in construction of the nervous system is
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decussation and crossed representation
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right side of the brain receives information and controls motor function pertaining to, the left side of world vice verca
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Decussation and crossed representations
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sensations from body's right side are procced in
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somatosensory cortex in the left cerebral hemispher
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motor cortex in left cerebral hemispher controls
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the right side of the external words: right arm, and leg
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Major exception of crossed motor control
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each cerebellar hemispher controls coordination and muscle tone on the ipsilateral side of the body
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Dorsal columns
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carry sensory: touch and vibration from sensory endings on the body surface upward within the spinal cord
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Axons within dorsal collumns are arranged in
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figers from arm, trunk, leg
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Sensory map within cerebral cortex
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homunculus
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retinotopic
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visual world witin the occipita and temporal and parietal lobes:, geometrical relationships
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efferent
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involved in motor functions such as contractions of muscles or secretions of glands
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afferent
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convey sensory stimuli from the skin mucous membranes and deeper structures
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