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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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objective theory of truth (OTT)
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a statement S is true if and only if the statement corresponds to the facts
a statement si true when the world is the way the statement says it is |
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one truth value principle (OTV)
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every statement is either true or false; no statement is both and no statement is neither
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a statement S is necessary if
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S is true and it is not possible for S to be false
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a statement S is impossible if
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S is false and it is not possible for S to be true
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a statement S is contingent (possible) if
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S is true but might have been false or Sis false but might have been true
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argument
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set of statements related in such a way that some of the statment is true
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premises
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reasons for thinking that some other statement is true
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well-formed arguments include..
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at least one premise and one conclusion
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what are the two parts of an argument
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premises and conclusion
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circular arguments
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p/p or p=p the sky is blue conclusion the sky is blue
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two types of arguments
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well-formed and ill-formed
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a well-formed argument can be..
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valid or cogent (invalid)
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an argument is valid..
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if and only if it is impossible for all of its premises to be true and its conclusion to be false
If the premises were true , then the conclusion would have to be true as well |
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two ways to evaluate an argument
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form (structure)
content (truth of premises) |
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alternitive definition of validity
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an argument is valid if and only if the following statement is a necessary truth
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necessary truth
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if all the arguments premises are true, then its conclusion is true
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an argument is cogent ( 2 things)..
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if and only if (1) it is not valid, but (2) if its premise are true, then its concluion is probably true
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quantifiers
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a word that tells us how many (most, many, all none)
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strong argument (2 parts)
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(1) the argument is either valid or cogent and (2) the person is fully justified in beleiving that all of the argument;s premises are true
more personal |
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sound argument
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valid with all true premises
more universal |
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beleif principle (BP)
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whenever a person conciders any statement they must adopt one of the 3 attitudes towards it --beleive it, disbeleive it or suspend judgemnt about it (neither true or not true)
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evidentialism (E)
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a statement S is rationally justified for a person if and only is S is supported by the person's total evidence
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philosophy
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the search for "good" arguments for various philosophical claims.
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a statment is rational
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if the total evidence point to what you beleive is true
over 50 percent true |
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“Fides quaerens intellectum" is translated as
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”( faith seeking understanding)
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St. Thomas Aquinas developed what argument
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cosmological argument
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