Basic Nursing - Unit 1

Front 1

Phases of the nursing process:

Back 1

assessing; diagnosing; planning; implementing; evaluating - ADPIE

Front 2

Thinking that results in the development of new ideas and products.

Back 2

Creativity

Front 3

The application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea to determine essential information and ideas and discard superfluous information and ideas.

Back 3

Critical analysis

Front 4

(in nursing practice) A discipline specific, reflective reasoning process that guides a nurse in generating, implementing, and evaluating approaches for dealing with client care and professional concerns.

Back 4

Critical thinking

Front 5

A critical-thinking process for choosing the best actions to meet a desired goal.

Back 5

Decision making

Front 6

Reasoning from the general premise to the specific conclusion.

Back 6

Deductive reasoning

Front 7

Generalizations formed from a set of facts or observations.

Back 7

Inductive reasoning

Front 8

The understanding or learning of things without the conscious use of reasoning.

Back 8

Intuition

Front 9

A systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.

Back 9

Nursing process

Front 10

Obtaining information that clarifies the nature of the problem and suggests possible solutions. (trial and error; intuition; research process; scientific method)

Back 10

Problem solving

Front 11

A technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize and examine assumptions, search for inconsistencies, examine multiple points of view, and differentiate what one knows from what one merely believes.

Back 11

Socratic questioning

Front 12

Assessing

Back 12

The systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data.

Front 13

Cephalocaudal

Back 13

or head-to-toe approach begins at the examination of the head; progresses to the neck, thorax, abdomen, and extremities; and ends at the toes.

Front 14

Closed questions

Back 14

Used in the directive interview, are restrictive and generally require only "yes" or "no" or short factual answers giving specific information.

Front 15

Cues

Back 15

Subjective or objective data that can be directly observed by the nurse; that is, what the client says or what the nurse can see, hear, fell, smell, or measure.

Front 16

Data

Back 16

information

Front 17

Database

Back 17

All of the information about a client, it includes the nursing health history, physical assessment, primary care provider's history and physical examination, results of laboratory and diagnostic tests, and material contributed by other health personnel.

Front 18

Directive interview

Back 18

One of two approaches to interviewing; it is highly structured and elicits specific information.

Front 19

Inferences

Back 19

The nurse's interpretation or conclusions made based on the cues.

Front 20

Interview

Back 20

Planned communication or conversation with a purpose.

Front 21

Leading question

Back 21

A question that influences the client to give a particular answer.

Front 22

neutral question

Back 22

a question that does not direct or pressure a client to answer in a certain way

Front 23

nondirective interview

Back 23

an interview using open-ended questions and empathetic responses to build rapport and learn client concerns

Front 24

objective data

Back 24

information (data) that is detectable by an observer or can be tested against an accepted standard; can be seen, heard, felt, or smelled

Front 25

open-ended questions

Back 25

questions that specify only the broad topic to be discussed and invite clients to discover and explore their thoughts and feelings about the topic

Front 26

rapport

Back 26

a relationship between two or more people of mutual trust and understanding

Front 27

overt data

Back 27

see "objective data"

Front 28

review of systems

Back 28

or screening examination, is a brief review of essential functions of various body parts or systems

Front 29

screening examination

Back 29

(review of systems) a brief review of essential functions of various body parts or systems

Front 30

signs

Back 30

see "objective data"

Front 31

subjective data

Back 31

data that are apparent only to the person affected; can be described or verified only by that person

Front 32

symptoms

Back 32

see "subjective data"

Front 33

validation

Back 33

the determination that the diagnosis accurately reflects the problem of the client, that the methods used for data gathering were appropriate, and that the conclusion or diagnosis is justified by the data

Front 34

Types of assessment

Back 34

initial assessment
problem-focused assessment
emergency assessment
time-lapsed assessment

Front 35

defining characteristics

Back 35

client signs and symptoms that must be present to validate a nursing diagnosis

Front 36

dependent functions

Back 36

with regard to medical diagnoses, physician-prescribed therapies and treatments nurses are obligated to carry out

Front 37

diagnosis

Back 37

a statement or conclusion concerning the nature of some phenomenon

Front 38

diagnostic label

Back 38

title used in writing a nursing diagnosis; taken from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association's (NANDA) standardized taxonomy of terms

Front 39

etiology

Back 39

causal relationship between a problem and its related or risk factors

Front 40

independent functions

Back 40

an activity that the nurse is licensed to initiate as a result of the nurse's own knowledge and skills

Front 41

norm

Back 41

an ideal or fixed standard; an expected standard of behavior of group members

Front 42

nursing diagnosis

Back 42

the nurse's clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual and potential health problems/life processes to provide the basis for selecting nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable

Front 43

PES format

Back 43

the three essential components of nursing diagnostic statements including the terms describing the problem, the etiology of the problem, and the defining characteristics or cluster of signs and symptoms

Front 44

possible nursing diagnosis

Back 44

one in which evidence about a health problem is incomplete or unclear

Front 45

qualifiers

Back 45

words that have been added to some NANDA labels to give additional meaning to the diagnostic statement

Front 46

risk factors

Back 46

indication that a problem is likely to develop unless nurses intervene

Front 47

risk nursing diagnosis

Back 47

clinical judgment that a problem does not exist, but the presence of risk factors indicates that a problem is likely to develop unless nurses intervene

Front 48

standard

Back 48

a generally accepted rule, model, pattern, or measure

Front 49

syndrome diagnosis

Back 49

a diagnosis that is associated with a cluster of other diagnoses

Front 50

taxonomy

Back 50

a classification system or set of categories, such as nursing diagnoses, arranged on the basis of a single principle or consistent set of principles

Front 51

wellness diagnosis

Back 51

describes human responses to levels of wellness in an individual, family or community that have a readiness for enhancement

Front 52

assignment

Back 52

a downward or lateral transfer of both the responsibility and accountability of an activity from one individual to another

Front 53

collaborative care plans

Back 53

see "critical pathway"; multidisciplinary guidelines for client care based on specific medical diagnoses designed to achieve predetermined outcomes

Front 54

collaborative interventions

Back 54

actions the nurse carries out in collaboration with other health team members, such as physical therapists, social workers, dietitians, and physicians

Front 55

concept map

Back 55

a visual tool in which ideas or data are enclosed in circles or boxes of some shape and relationships between these are indicated by connecting lines or arrows

Front 56

critical pathway

Back 56

or "collaborative care plans"; multidisciplinary guidelines for client care based on specific medical diagnoses designed to achieve predetermined outcomes

Front 57

dependent interventions

Back 57

those activities carried out on the order of the physician, under the physician's supervision, or according to specified routines

Front 58

discharge planning

Back 58

the process of anticipating and planning for client needs after discharge

Front 59

formal nursing care plan

Back 59

a written or computerized guide that organizes information about the client's care

Front 60

goals/desired outcomes

Back 60

a part of a care plan that describes in terms of observable client responses, what the nurse hopes to achieve by implementing the nursing interventions

Front 61

independent interventions

Back 61

activities that the nurse is licensed to initiate as a result of the nurse's own knowledge and skills

Front 62

indicator

Back 62

an observable patient state, behavior, or self-reported perception or evaluation similar to desired outcomes in traditional language

Front 63

individualized care plan

Back 63

a plan tailored to meet the unique needs of a specific client--needs that are not addressed by the standardized plan

Front 64

informal nursing care plan

Back 64

a strategy for action that exists in the nurse's mind

Front 65

multidisciplinary care plan

Back 65

a standardized plan that outlines the care required for clients with common, predictable--usually medical--conditions

Front 66

nursing interventions

Back 66

any treatments, based upon clinical judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient/client outcomes

Front 67

Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)

Back 67

a taxonomy of nursing interventions developed by the Iowa Intervention Project

Front 68

Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)

Back 68

a taxonomy for describing client outcomes that respond to nursing interventions

Front 69

nursing orders

Back 69

instructions written on the care plan to direct the specific nursing activities that help the client achieve desired outcomes/goals

Front 70

policies

Back 70

rules developed to govern the handling of frequently occurring situations

Front 71

priority setting

Back 71

the process of establishing a preferential order for nursing strategies

Front 72

procedures

Back 72

steps used in carrying out policies or activities

Front 73

protocols

Back 73

a predetermined and preprinted plan specifying the procedure to be followed in a particular situation

Front 74

rationale

Back 74

the scientific reason for selecting a specific action

Front 75

standardized care plan

Back 75

preprinted guides for giving nursing care of clients with common needs (eg, a nursing diagnosis)

Front 76

standing order

Back 76

a written document about policies, rules, regulations, or orders regarding client care; give nurses the authority to carry out specific actions under certain circumstances

Front 77

audit

Back 77

the examination or review of records

Front 78

activities

Back 78

the specific nursing actions needed to carry out the interventions (or nursing orders)

Front 79

cognitive skills

Back 79

(intellectual skills) that include problem solving, decision making, critical thinking, and creativity

Front 80

concurrent audit

Back 80

the evaluation of a client's health care while the client is still receiving care from the agency

Front 81

evaluating

Back 81

a planned ongoing, purposeful activity in which clients and health care professionals

Front 82

evaluation statement

Back 82

a statement that consists of two parts: a conclusion and supporting data

Front 83

implementing

Back 83

the phase of the nursing process in which the nursing care plan is put into action

Front 84

interpersonal skills

Back 84

all the verbal and nonverbal activities people use when communicating directly with one another

Front 85

outcome evaluation

Back 85

focuses on demonstrable changes in the client's health status as result of nursing care

Front 86

process evaluation

Back 86

a component of quality assurance that focuses on how care was given

Front 87

quality-assurance program (QA)

Back 87

an ongoing systematic process designed to evaluate and promote excellence in the health care provided to clients

Front 88

quality improvement (QI)

Back 88

an organizational commitment and approach used to continuously improve all processes in the organization with the goal of meeting and exceeding customer expectations and outcomes; also known as total quality management (TQM) and continuous quality improvement (CQI)

Front 89

retrospective audit

Back 89

the evaluation of a client's record after discharge from an agency

Front 90

root cause analysis

Back 90

a process for identifying factors that brings about deviations in practices that lead to the event

Front 91

sentinel event

Back 91

an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof.

Front 92

structure evaluation

Back 92

focuses on the setting in which care is given

Front 93

technical skills

Back 93

hands-on skills such as those required to manipulate equipment, administer injections, and move or reposition patients

Front 94

change-of-shift report

Back 94

a report given to nurses on the next shift

Front 95

chart

Back 95

a formal, legal document that provides evidence of a client's care

Front 96

charting

Back 96

the process of making an entry on a client record

Front 97

charting by exception (CBE)

Back 97

a documentation system in which only significant findings or exceptions to norms are recorded

Front 98

client record

Back 98

see "chart"; a formal, legal document that provides evidence of a client's care

Front 99

discussion

Back 99

an informal oral consideration of a subject by two or more health care personnel to identify a problem or establish strategies to resolve a problem

Front 100

documenting

Back 100

see "charting" or "recording"; the process of making an entry on a client record

Front 101

flow sheet

Back 101

a record of the progress of specific or specialized data such as vital signs, fluid balance, or routine medications; often charted in graph form

Front 102

focus charting

Back 102

a method of charting that uses key words or foci to describe what is happening to the client

Front 103

Kardex

Back 103

the trade name for a method that makes use of a series of cards to concisely organize and record client data and instructions for daily nursing care--especially care that changes frequently and must be kept up-to-date

Front 104

narrative charting

Back 104

a descriptive record of client data and nursing interventions, written in sentences and paragraphs

Front 105

PIE

Back 105

an acronym for a charting model that follows a recording sequence of problems, interventions, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions

Front 106

problem-oriented medical record (POMR)

Back 106

data about the client are recorded and arranged according to the client's problems, rather than according to the source of the information

Front 107

problem-oriented record (POR)

Back 107

(POR) see "Problem-oriented medical record (POMR)"; data about the client are recorded and arranged according to the client's problems, rather than according to the source of the information

Front 108

progress note

Back 108

chart entries made by a variety of methods and by all health professionals involved in a client's care for the purpose of describing a client's problems, treatments, and progress toward desired outcomes

Front 109

record

Back 109

a written communication providing formal, legal documentation of a client's progress

Front 110

recording

Back 110

the process of making written entries about a client on the medical record

Front 111

report

Back 111

whether oral or written, it should be concise, including pertinent information but no extraneous detail

Front 112

SOAP

Back 112

an acronym for a charting method that follows a recording sequence of subjective data, objective data, assessment, and planning

Front 113

source-oriented record

Back 113

a record in which each person or department makes notations in a separate section or sections of the client's chart

Front 114

variance

Back 114

a goal that is not met; a deviation to what is planned; unexpected occurrences that affect the planned care or the client's response to care

Front 115

Purposes of client records:

Back 115

communication; planning client care; auditing health agencies; research; education; reimbursement; legal documentation; health care analysis

Front 116

documentation systems:

Back 116

source-oriented record; problem-oriented medical record; the problems, interventions, evaluation (PIE) model; focus charting; charting by exception (CBE); computerized documentation; case management

Front 117

caring

Back 117

an essential aspect of nursing

Front 118

comfort

Back 118

a renewal, an amplification of power or sense of control, an invigorating influence, a positive mind-set, and a readiness for action

Front 119

comforting

Back 119

a group of nursing interventions based on clients' cues of distress, with the goal of achieving client comfort

Front 120

aesthetic knowing

Back 120

the art of nursing and is expressed by the individual nurse through his or her creativity and style in meeting the needs of the client.

Front 121

caring practice

Back 121

involves connection, mutual recognition, and involvement.

Front 122

empirical knowing

Back 122

ranges from factual, observable phenomena to theoretical analysis.

Front 123

ethical knowing

Back 123

focuses on matters of obligation or what ought to be done, and goes beyond simply following the ethical codes of the discipline.

Front 124

personal knowing

Back 124

promotes wholeness and integrity in the personal encounter, achieves engagement rather than detachment, and denies the manipulative or impersonal approach.

Front 125

reflection

Back 125

thinking from a critical point of view, analyzing why one acted in a certain way, and assessing the results of one's actions.

Front 126

advance health care directives

Back 126

includes a variety of legal and lay documents that allow persons to specify aspects of care they wish to receive should they become unable to make or communicate their preferences

Front 127

answer

Back 127

(legal) a written response made by the defendant

Front 128

assault

Back 128

an attempt or threat to touch another person unjustifiably

Front 129

autopsy

Back 129

or "postmortem examination"; an examination of the body after death

Front 130

battery

Back 130

the willful or negligent touching of a person (or the person's clothes or even something the person is carrying), which may or may not cause harm

Front 131

breach of duty

Back 131

a standard of care that is expected in the specific situation but that the nurse did not observe; this is the failure to act as a reasonable, prudent nurse under the circumstances

Front 132

burden of proof

Back 132

the duty of proving an assertion

Front 133

causation

Back 133

a fact that must be proven that the harm occurred as a direct result of the nurse's failure to follow the standard of care and the nurse could have (or should have) known that failure to follow the standard of care could result in such harm

Front 134

civil actions

Back 134

deals with the relationship between individuals in society

Front 135

civil law

Back 135

the body of law that deals with relationships among private individuals; also known as private law

Front 136

common law

Back 136

the body of principles that evolves from court decisions

Front 137

complaint

Back 137

(legal) a document filed by the plaintiff

Front 138

contract

Back 138

a written or verbal agreement between two or more people to do or not do some lawful act

Front 139

contract law

Back 139

the enforcement of agreements among private individuals or the payment of compensation for failure to fulfill the agreement

Front 140

contractual obligations

Back 140

duty of care established by the presence of an expressed or implied contract

Front 141

contractual relationships

Back 141

vary among practice settings; may be as an independent or employer-employee relationship

Front 142

coroner

Back 142

a public official, not necessarily a physician, appointed or elected to inquire into the causes of death, when appropriate

Front 143

credentialing

Back 143

the process of determining and maintaining competence in practice; includes licensure, registration, certification, and accreditation

Front 144

crime

Back 144

an act committed in violation of public (criminal) law and punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment

Front 145

criminal actions

Back 145

deals with disputes between an individual and the society as a whole

Front 146

criminal law

Back 146

deals with actions against the safety and welfare of the public

Front 147

damages

Back 147

if malpractice caused the injury, the nurse is held liable for damages that may be compensated

Front 148

decision

Back 148

(legal) outcome made by a judge

Front 149

defamation

Back 149

(legal) a communication that is false, or made with careless disregard for the truth, and results in injury to the reputation of another

Front 150

defendants

Back 150

(legal) person against whom the plaintiff files a complaint against

Front 151

delegation

Back 151

transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation; the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity from one person to another while retaining accountability for the outcome

Front 152

discovery

Back 152

(legal) pretrial activities to gain all the facts of the situation

Front 153

do not resuscitate (DNR)

Back 153

written when the client or proxy has expressed the wish for no resuscitation in the event of respiratory or cardiac arrest

Front 154

duty

Back 154

the nurse must have (or should have had) a relationship with the client that involves providing care and following an acceptable standard of care

Front 155

euthanasia

Back 155

the act of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from incurable or distressing disease

Front 156

expert witness

Back 156

one who has special training, experience, or skill in a relevant area and is allowed by the court to offer an opinion on some issue within that area of expertise

Front 157

express consent

Back 157

an oral or written agreement

Front 158

false imprisonment

Back 158

the unlawful restraint or detention of another person against his or her wishes

Front 159

felony

Back 159

a crime of a serious nature, such as murder, punishable by a term in prison

Front 160

foreseeability

Back 160

a link that must exist between the nurse's act and the injury suffered

Front 161

gross negligence

Back 161

involves extreme lack of knowledge, skill, or decision making that the person clearly should have known would put others at risk for harm

Front 162

harm

Back 162

the client or plaintiff must demonstrate some type of harm or injury (physical, financial or emotional) as a result of the breach of duty owed the client. The plaintiff will be asked to document physical injury, medical costs, loss of wages, "pain and suffering," and any other damages

Front 163

health care proxy

Back 163

also referred to as a "durable power of attorney for health care", is a notarized or witnessed statement appointing someone else to manage health care treatment with the client is unable to do so.

Front 164

impaired nurse

Back 164

a nurse whose practice has deteriorated because of chemical abuse

Front 165

implied consent

Back 165

consent that is assumed in an emergency when consent cannot be obtained from the client or a relative

Front 166

implied contract

Back 166

a contract that has not been explicitly agreed to by the parties but that the law nevertheless considers to exist

Front 167

informed consent

Back 167

a client's agreement to accept a course of treatment or a procedure after receiving complete information, including the risks of treatment and facts relating to it, from the physician

Front 168

injury

Back 168

see "harm"; the client or plaintiff must demonstrate some type of harm or injury (physical, financial or emotional) as a result of the breach of duty owed the client. The plaintiff will be asked to document physical injury, medical costs, loss of wages, "pain and suffering," and any other damages

Front 169

inquest

Back 169

a legal inquiry into the cause or manner of death

Front 170

interstate compact

Back 170

an agreement between two or more states

Front 171

invasion of privacy

Back 171

a direct wrong of a personal nature, it injures the feelings of the person and does not take into account the effect of reveled information on the standing of the person in the community

Front 172

law

Back 172

A rule made by humans that regulate social conduct in a formally prescribed and binding manner

Front 173

liability

Back 173

the quality or state of being legally responsible for one's obligations and actions and to make financial restitution for wrongful acts

Front 174

libel

Back 174

defamation by means of print, writing, or pictures

Front 175

license

Back 175

a legal permits granted to individuals to engage in the practice of a profession and to use a particular title

Front 176

litigation

Back 176

the action of a lawsuit

Front 177

living will

Back 177

provides specific instructions about what medical treatment the client chooses to omit or refuse in the event that the client is unable to make those decisions

Front 178

malpractice

Back 178

the negligent acts of persons engaged in professions or occupations in which highly technical or professional skills are employed

Front 179

mandated reporters

Back 179

a role of the nurse in which he or she identifies and assesses cases of violence against others, and in every case the situation must be reported to the proper authorities

Front 180

manslaughter

Back 180

second degree murder

Front 181

medical examiner

Back 181

a physician and usually has advanced education in pathology or forensic medicine

Front 182

misdemeanor

Back 182

a legal offense usually punishable by a fine or a short-term jail sentence, or both

Front 183

mutual recognition model

Back 183

a new regulatory model developed by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), which allows for multistate licensure

Front 184

negligence

Back 184

failure to behave in a reasonable and prudent manner; an unintentional tort

Front 185

plaintiff

Back 185

a person claiming infringement of legal rights by one or more persons

Front 186

postmortem examination

Back 186

or "autopsy"; an examination of the body after death

Front 187

private law

Back 187

(civil law) the body of law that deals with relationships between private individuals

Front 188

public law

Back 188

refers to the body of law that deals with relationships between individuals and the government and governmental agencies

Front 189

res ipsa loquitur

Back 189

the thing that speaks for itself; a legal doctrine that relates to negligence in which the harm cannot be traced to a specific health care provider or standard but does not normally occur unless there has been a negligent act

Front 190

respondeat superior

Back 190

a legal term meaning "let the master answer"; the employer assumes responsibility for the conduct of the employee and can also be held responsible for malpractice by the employee

Front 191

responsibility

Back 191

the obligation associated with a right

Front 192

right

Back 192

a privilege or fundamental power to which an individual is entitled unless it is revoked by law or given up voluntarily

Front 193

slander

Back 193

defamation by the spoken word, stating unprivileged (not legally protected) or false words by which a reputation is damaged

Front 194

standards of care

Back 194

detailed guidelines describing the minimal nursing care that can reasonably be expected to ensure high quality care in a defined situation (eg, a medical diagnosis or a diagnostic test)

Front 195

statutory laws

Back 195

a law enacted by any legislative body

Front 196

strike

Back 196

an organized work stoppage by a group of employees to express a grievance, enforce a demand for changes in condition of employment, or solve a dispute with management

Front 197

tort

Back 197

a civil wrong committed against a person or a person's property

Front 198

tort law

Back 198

law that defines and enforces duties and rights among private individuals that are not based on contractual agreements

Front 199

trial

Back 199

the period during which all the relevant facts are presented to a jury or judge

Front 200

unprofessional conduct

Back 200

one of the grounds for action against the nurse's license; includes incompetence or gross negligence, conviction of practicing without a license, falsification of client records, and illegally obtaining, using or possessing controlled substances

Front 201

verdict

Back 201

the outcome made by a jury

Front 202

accountability

Back 202

being responsible for one's actions and accepting the consequences of one's behavior

Front 203

active euthanasia

Back 203

actions that directly bring about the client's death with or without consent

Front 204

advocate

Back 204

individual who pleads the cause of another or argues or plead for a cause or proposal

Front 205

assisted suicide

Back 205

a form of active euthanasia in which clients are given the means to kill themselves

Front 206

attitudes

Back 206

mental stance that is composed of many different beliefs; usually involving a positive or negative judgment toward a person, object, or idea

Front 207

autonomy

Back 207

the right to make one's own decisions

Front 208

beliefs

Back 208

interpretations or conclusions that one accepts as true

Front 209

beneficence

Back 209

the moral obligation to do good or to implement actions that benefit clients and their support persons

Front 210

bioethics

Back 210

ethical rules or principles that govern right conduct concerning life

Front 211

code of ethics

Back 211

a formal statement of a group's ideals and values; a set of ethical principles shared by members of a group, reflecting their moral judgments and serving as a standard for professional actions

Front 212

consequence-based (teleological) theories

Back 212

the ethics of judging whether an action is moral

Front 213

ethics

Back 213

the rules or principles that govern right conduct

Front 214

fidelity

Back 214

a moral principle which obligates the individual to be faithful to agreements and responsibilities one has undertaken

Front 215

justice

Back 215

fairness

Front 216

moral development

Back 216

process of learning to tell the difference between right and wrong and of learning what ought and ought not to be done; the pattern of change in moral behavior with age

Front 217

moral rules

Back 217

specific prescriptions for actions

Front 218

morality

Back 218

a doctrine or system denoting what is right and wrong in conduct, character, or attitude

Front 219

nonmaleficence

Back 219

the duty to do no harm

Front 220

nursing ethics

Back 220

ethical issues that occur in nursing practice

Front 221

passive euthanasia

Back 221

allowing a person to die by withholding or withdrawing measures to maintain life

Front 222

personal values

Back 222

values internalized from the society or culture in which one lives

Front 223

principles-based (deontological) theories

Back 223

emphasize individual rights, duties, and obligations

Front 224

professional values

Back 224

values acquired during socialization into nursing from codes of ethics, nursing experiences, teachers, and peers

Front 225

relationships-based (caring) theories

Back 225

stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships

Front 226

responsibility

Back 226

the specific accountability or liability associated with the performance of duties of a particular role or an obligation to complete a task

Front 227

utilitarianism

Back 227

a specific, consequence-based, ethical theory that judges as right the action that does the most good and least amount of harm for the greatest number of persons; often used in making decisions about the funding and delivery of health care

Front 228

utility

Back 228

the principle of utilitarianism

Front 229

value set

Back 229

all the values (eg, personal, professional, religous) that a person holds

Front 230

value system

Back 230

the organization of a person's values along a continuum of relative importance

Front 231

values

Back 231

something of worth; a belief held dearly by a person

Front 232

values clarification

Back 232

a process by which individuals define their own value

Front 233

veracity

Back 233

a moral principle that holds that one should tell the truth and not lie