Basic Nursing Ch. 72 Definitions

Front 1

Amblyopia

Back 1

subnormal vision in one eye which may fail to develop due to lack of stimulation as a child continues to use the stronger eye for vision; also called lazy eye.

Front 2

Apnea Monitor

Back 2

machine used to monitor respiratory activity and patterns, especially of infants

Front 3

Asthma

Back 3

a disease marked by breathing difficulty, caused by spasmodic con-tractions of the bronchial tubes; bronchial asthma

Front 4

Biliary Atresia

Back 4

defect in the bile ducts that prevents bile from escaping the liver.

Front 5

Bronchiolitis

Back 5

inflammation of the bronchioles

Front 6

Celiac Disease

Back 6

chronic intestinal disorder which involves small bowel inflammation and is the most common nutrient malabsorption syndrome in children of European descent

Front 7

Cleft Lip

Back 7

vertical opening in the upper lip

Front 8

Cleft Palate

Back 8

congenital split in the roof of the mouth

Front 9

Colic

Back 9

paroxysmal abdominal pain, most commonly occurring in the first three months of an infant’s life; or severe, penetrating lower back pain, caused by a stone becoming lodged in the ureter (renal colic).

Front 10

Collagen Diseases

Back 10

diseases of the connective tissue

Front 11

Cryptochidism

Back 11

undescended testicles.

Front 12

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 12

congenital multi system chronic and incurable condition characterized by the dysfunction of the exocrine glands. Mucus producing glands secrete abnormal quantities of thick mucus which collect in the lungs, pancreas, and liver, disrupting their normal functioning

Front 13

Diptheria

Back 13

contagious infection characterized by sore throat, fever, and malaise. Manifestations also include throat inflammation followed by formation of a whitish gray membrane that cannot be removed without causing bleeding and a possible weakening of cardiac muscles

Front 14

Dysplasia

Back 14

abnormal development; alteration in shape

Front 15

Eczema

Back 15

an inflammatory skin rash, characterized by itching, redness, weeping, oozing, and crusting, and later by scaling

Front 16

Encephalitis

Back 16

inflammation of the brain

Front 17

Encephalocele

Back 17

condition in which the bones of the fetal skull do not close correctly.

Front 18

Encopresis

Back 18

incontinence of feces not caused by age, disease, or physical disorder.

Front 19

Enuresis

Back 19

involuntary urine discharge, usually occurring during sleep; bedwetting.

Front 20

Epiglottitis

Back 20

cartilage that covers the entrance to the larynx

Front 21

Epispadias

Back 21

absence of the upper wall of the urethra resulting in an abnormal location of the urethral opening, usually occurring in the male

Front 22

Epistaxis

Back 22

nosebleed

Front 23

Giardiasis

Back 23

illness caused by ingesting water contaminated by human excrement

Front 24

Glomerulonephritis

Back 24

a group of diseases in which the kidneys are damaged and partly destroyed by inflammation of the glomeruli

Front 25

Hemangioma

Back 25

overgrowths of blood vessels

Front 26

Hemophilia

Back 26

a congenital condition in males characterized by spontaneous or traumatic bleeding and very slow clotting

Front 27

Hernia

Back 27

abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure usually containing it, as an inguinal hernia or hiatal hernia; rupture; condition is called herniation.

Front 28

Herpes Zoster

Back 28

condition in adults caused by the same varicella virus that causes chickenpox in children; commonly known as shingles

Front 29

Hirschsprung’s disease

Back 29

condition in which a child’s colon lacks parasympathetic nerve supply and the abdomen becomes enlarged with stool and flatus due to lack of peristalsis; also called megacolon or aganglionic megacolon

Front 30

Hookworms

Back 30

type of roundworm that usually enters the host through bare feet, migrating through the body to the mouth and throat, destroying red blood cells and causing anemia.

Front 31

Hydrocele

Back 31

painless swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid collection

Front 32

Hydrocephalus

Back 32

fluid accumulation in the skull; it is typically characterized by enlargement of the head if a shunt is not successful; also called water on the brain

Front 33

Hypospadias

Back 33

condition in which the urinary meatus is located on the bottom of the penis

Front 34

Intussusception

Back 34

the telescoping or prolapsing of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part.

Front 35

Kawasaki Disease

Back 35

febrile, multi system disorder in which platelets in the blood tend to be caught in the vessels and can develop into serious cardiac problems; also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

Front 36

Koplik's spots

Back 36

bluish white pinpoint spots with a red rim that appear around the mouth about day 2 or 3 after being infected with rubella

Front 37

Kwashiorkor

Back 37

condition caused by a severe protein deficiency

Front 38

Lactose Intolerance

Back 38

genetic absence of the enzyme necessary for metabolizing lactose in milk and dairy products (lactase).

Front 39

Leukemia

Back 39

malignant disease of blood-forming organs; may be classified as acute or chronic and also in relationship to the specific blood cell affected, as acute lymphoid (lymphocytic), myelocytic, or granulocytic leukemia

Front 40

Lymphangiomas

Back 40

overgrowths of lymph vessels

Front 41

Marasmus

Back 41

particular form of malnutrition usually seen in infants; also called failure to thrive, often due to a protein deficiency

Front 42

Meckel's Diverticulum

Back 42

congenital disorder in which a small portion of the ileum ends in a blind pouch just before its junction with the colon

Front 43

Meningitis

Back 43

inflammation of the meninges

Front 44

Meningeocele

Back 44

condition in which one or more layers of the meninges (spinal cord covering) protrude through an opening in the vertebral column

Front 45

Meningomyelocele

Back 45

herniation of a portion of the spinal cord, meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves through a defect in the spinal column

Front 46

Mongolian Spots

Back 46

dark blue areas of discoloration that may appear on the buttocks, lower back, and upper legs of nonwhite babies which usually disappear by early childhood.

Front 47

Mumps

Back 47

viral disease that affects the salivary glands, especially the parotids; also called epidemic parotitis

Front 48

nephrotic syndrome

Back 48

condition in which changes in the basement membrane of the glomeruli cause the kidneys to excrete massive amounts of protein.

Front 49

Nevus

Back 49

Mole

Front 50

Otitis Media

Back 50

acute infection of the middle ear

Front 51

Pediculosis

Back 51

infested with lice

Front 52

Pertussis

Back 52

highly contagious respiratory disease; also known as whooping cough

Front 53

Pinworms

Back 53

a common parasitic infestation in children causing anal and perineal itching.

Front 54

Plumbism

Back 54

chronic lead poisoning

Front 55

Pneumonia

Back 55

lung inflammation, with consolidation and drainage

Front 56

Poliomyelitis

Back 56

contagious viral disease that attacks the CNS and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis or weakness; commonly known as “polio.”

Front 57

Ptosis

Back 57

drooping or sagging of an organ or part from its normal position (usually refers to eyelid).

Front 58

Pyelonephritis

Back 58

potentially dangerous infection of the kidney and renal pelvis

Front 59

Pyloric Stenosis

Back 59

a congenital anomaly in which an increase in the size of the musculature at the junction of the stomach and small intestine occurs, causing the pyloric opening to con-strict and block food passage.

Front 60

Reye's Syndrome

Back 60

acute and potentially fatal childhood disease which often follows a viral illness and maybe related to aspirin use during that time

Front 61

Rheumatic Carditis

Back 61

complication of rheumatic fever in which valvular lesions impair valve efficiency and increase the heart’s workload

Front 62

Rheumatic Fever

Back 62

autoimmune reaction to group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, believed to develop as a result of continued streptococcal infections

Front 63

Rickets

Back 63

a condition in children caused by lack of vitamin D

Front 64

Roseola

Back 64

rose-colored rash. Roseola infantum, an acute viral disease that usually occurs in children under age 2 and disappears suddenly; exanthem subitum

Front 65

Roundworms

Back 65

intestinal parasite common to warm climates and unsanitary conditions, which mature in the intestines and can cause diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, and sometimes intestinal rupture

Front 66

Rubella

Back 66

mild disease with fever and a mild rash; German measles (in English); 3-day measles

Front 67

Rubeola

Back 67

measles (in English); German measles (in French and Spanish). Preventable by immunization

Front 68

Scabies

Back 68

contagious skin disorder caused by the itch mite. Often sexually transmitted

Front 69

Scurvy

Back 69

disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency. Lesser deficiencies cause listlessness, irritability, and lowered resistance to disease; greater deficiencies cause bleeding gums, loose teeth, sore and stiff joints, tiny hemorrhages, and great weight loss.

Front 70

Sickle cell crisis

Back 70

severe, painful episodes of sickle cell anemia due to clumping and occlusion of blood vessels.

Front 71

sickle cell disease

Back 71

genetic disorder characterized by the formation of abnormally curved RBCs which are ineffective as oxygen-carriers (thereby causing anemia) and because of their shape are able to clump together (causing further anemia and circulatory occlusion)

Front 72

spina bifida

Back 72

congenital anomaly in which the vertebral spaces fail to close.

Front 73

spina bifida occulta

Back 73

an opening in a child’s vertebral column with no apparent symptoms.

Front 74

status asthmaticus

Back 74

dangerous condition that exists when medications do not relieve an acute episode of asthma

Front 75

Strabismus

Back 75

a deviation of the eye; squint. (Convergent strabismus is called cross-eye; divergent strabismusis called exotropia or walleye. Other types include cyclotropia, esotropia, hypertropia, and hypotropia.)

Front 76

Strep Throat

Back 76

viral infection caused by the streptococcus bacterium that is common in children and responds well to anti biotic therapy if treated promptly; other wise, it may develop more serious complications such as rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and nephritis

Front 77

Talipes

Back 77

condition in which one or both feet turn out of the normal position; commonly known as “club foot.”

Front 78

Tetanus

Back 78

a highly fatal disease characterized by muscle spasms and seizures (“lock-jaw”). Can be prevented by immunization

Front 79

Tonsillitis

Back 79

inflammation of the tonsils caused by a virus or bacteria

Front 80

Torticollis

Back 80

torsion (twisting) of the neck; “wry neck.”

Front 81

Transmission-based Precautions

Back 81

pre-cautions designed for clients with specific infections or diagnoses

Front 82

Varicella

Back 82

viral infection in children, which is characterized by an outbreak of rash that progresses into papules, vesicles, then pustules; also called chickenpox