Basic Info On Emergency Meds

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Naloxone HCL

Pronunciation: \\na-läk-sōn\\

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US Brand Name
Narcan

An narcotic antagonist which blocks narcotic effects by occupying, without activating, narcotic receptor sites.

Antagonist-chemical that acts within the body to reduce the physiological activity of another chemical substance (as an opiate); especially

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Dextrose

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US Brand Names
Glucose, Glutose, Instant-glucose, Insulin Reaction

A major metabolic substrate for energy metabolism. Glucose specifically reverses hypoglycemia.

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Diazempam

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US Brand Names
Diastat, Valium

Acts as a sedative, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and an amnestic agent.

Amnestic
Am*nes"tic\, a. Causing loss of memory.

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Diphenhydramine

Pronunciation: \dī-fen-hī-drə-mēn\

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US Brand Name (many others)
Benadryl

An antihistamine, which blocks H-1 histamine receptors. Histamine can causes bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and capillary leak.

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Albuterol

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US Brand Names
Airet, Proventil, Ventolin.

Bronchodilation.
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta2-receptors with little effect on the heart rate.

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Adenosine

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US Brand Names
Adenocard, Adenoscan

-Restores NSR by interrupting re-entry pathways in the AV Node.
-Slows conductions time through the AV node.
-Also produces coronary artery vasodilation.

Not effective in:
a. Sinus tachycardia
b. Atrial Fib
c. Atrial flutter
d. Ventricular tachycardia

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Epinephrine

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US Brand name(many others)
EpiPen

A natural hormone that acts to stimulate the sympathetic system (fight or flight), by increasing BP, coronary blood flow, cardiac electrical activity, heart rate, strength of contractions, and bronchodilator.

Used to treat V-Fib, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, brady, PEA, and severe bronchospasm or larygospasms as seen in asthma and anaphylaxis.

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Atropine

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A vagolytic and therefore increases heart rate and electrical conduction within the heart.

Indicated in cardiac resuscitation of symptomatic bradycardia and asystole. May cause V-Fib.

Vagolytic-agent that has inhibitory effects on the vagus nerve.
Vagus-Sensory to pharynx, larynx, and vicera; motor to palate, pharynx, and larynx; parasympathetic to viscera of thorax and abdomen.

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Lidocaine

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Alters the flux of sodium ions across cell membranes with little to no effect on heart rate, decreasing the amount of unorganized electrical activity/ ventricular arrhythmias and increasing the heart's threshold (the point at which a stimulus is of sufficient intensity to begin to produce an effect) for ventricular fibrillation.

Used in cardiac resuscitation after delivering a full set of countershocks and epi for V-Fib , and pulsless ventricular tachycardia. Used in cardiac resuscitation of wide complex tachy and for suppression of ventricular ectopy.

Also used as a local used anesthesia by inhibiting transportation of ions across neuronal membranes, thereby preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses.

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Nitroglycerin

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Decreases the work of the heart by dilating smooth muscle within arteries and veins increasing blood supply to cardiac tissue while lowering BP. Used to treat chest pain of cardiac orgin, and chongestive heart failure with pulmonary edema. Pt BP should be monitor and should expect a HA.

Should not be taken within 24 hrs of Viagra TM.

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Furosemide

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US Brand Name
Lasix

Diuretic that functions to increase the production of urine thereby decreasing the amount of fluid in the cadiovascular system. Used for the emergency treatment of acute pulmonary edema.

Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, patassium, and calcium. Expect BP to decrease.

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Calcium Chloride

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Replacement of calcium, maintains cell membrane, an activator in the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cadiac skeletal, and smooth muscle.

Used for hyperkalemia, and hypermagnesemia and adjunct in cardiac arrest or calcium channel blocking agent toxicity. Also used as treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia.

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Dopamine

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US Brand Name
Intropin

Stimulates both adrenergic and dopaminergic, lower doses mainly effect the dopaminergic producing renal and mesenteric vasodilation, while larger doses are both dopaminergic and adrenergic stimulation and producing cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation. Frequently used in codes to treat hypotensions because of its peripheral vasoconstrictor action.

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Sodium Bicarbonate

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Releases bicarbonate ions, which cause alkalinization by neutralizing hydrogen ion concentration and raising blood and urine pH.

Used to allalinize urine promote excretion of certain drug overdosages, tricyclic antidepressants, phenobarbital, ASA. Also treats hyperkalemia, and is the last drug given in CPR.
Also capable of neutralizing gastric acid.

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Fentanyl

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A narcotic analgesic.
Binds with sterospecific receptors at many sites withn the CNS, increases pain threshold, alters pain reception, inhibits ascending pain pathways. Indicated for an isolated injury without respiratory or airway compromise.

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Midazolam

my-DAY-zoe-lam

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US Brand Name
Versed
Sedative and amnesia. Binds with the CNS to produce generalized CNS depression.

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Aspirin

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Reduce pain, inflammation, and fever, by inhibiting production of prostaglandins, decreases platelet affregation (thickness).
Use in pts with chest pain due to proven reduction of mortality and re-infarction rates in myocardial infarction by altering platlet function and prolong bleeding time. Not an anticoagulant, it only keeps plalets from sticking together.

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Atrovent

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Ipratroprium Bromide

Brochodilation
Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle causing brochodilation.

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Phenylephrine

feh nill EH frin

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US Brand Name
Neo-Synephrine

Constricts blood vessels by stimulation alpha-adrenergic receptors (pupils will also contrict).

Indicated for nose bleeds, also vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa in preparation for nasal intubation.

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Morphine Sulfate

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A narcotic analgesic.
Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS, altering the perception of and response to pain while producing generlized CNS depression. Will produce vasodilation.

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Glucagon

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US Brand Name
GlucaGen

A natural hormone which is stored by the pancres, when release causes the breakdown of hepatic glycogen stores into glucose, raising blood sugar.

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Promethazine

pro METH a zeen

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US Brand Name
Anergan, Phenergan

Use in treatment on nausea and vommiting (antimetic). Various allergic conditions, sadative, analgesic adjuct for control of postoperative pain, and also a anesthetic adjunct. It works by blocking postsynaptic mesolimbic receptors in the brain exhibiting a strong alpha-adrenergic blocking effect and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones. Competes with histamine for the H1 receptor to reduce stimuli to the brainstem reticular system.