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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organism is resistant to phagocytosis
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pneumococci (capsular polysaccharide inhibits phagocytosis)
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organism is resistant to ROS
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staphylococci (catalase breaks down ROS)
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organism is resistant to complement (alternative)
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Neisseria meningitidis and streptococci
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organism is resistant to antimicrobial peptide antibiotics
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pseudomonas (LPS resists action of antibiotics)
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TLRs activate which transcription factors
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NF-κB and IRF-3
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inflammatory cytokines include
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TNF, IL-1, IL-12
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chemokines include
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IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES
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antiviral cytokines include
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IFN-α/β
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what is the function of dendritic cells?
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respond to microbes by producing cytokines that recruit leukocytes and initiate adaptive immune responses; display antigens
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how are macrophages activated to kill the phagocytosed microbes
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release IL-12, which causes NK cells to release IFN-γ
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what prevents NK cells from killing healthy cells?
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self class I MHC molecules
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what is the function of IL-15?
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development and maturation of NK cells
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what is the function of type I IFNs and IL-12?
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enhance the killing of NK cells
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what are γδ T cells?
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lymphocytes in the epithelium that recognize microbial lipids
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what triggers the alternative pathway of the complement system?
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when complement proteins are activated on microbial surfaces and cannot be controlled
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what triggers the classical pathway of the complement system?
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after antibodies bind to microbes or other antigens
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what triggers the lectin pathway of the complement system?
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when a plasma protein, mannose-binding lectin, binds to terminal mannose residues on the glycoproteins of microbes
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what is the function of C3b in the complement system?
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opsonization; C3b coats microbes, which then bind to phagocytes and are rapidly destroyed
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what is the function of C5a and C3a in the complement system?
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chemoattractants for phagocytes and they promote leukocyte recruitment (inflammation)
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how do macrophages activate T lymphocytes?
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by expressing costimulators (B7 proteins, which are recognized by the CD28 receptor of T cells) and secreting cytokines (IL-12)
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how does the complement system activate B lymphocytes?
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produce C3d, which is recognized by the CR2 receptor
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