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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sp
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180 - e pairs = 2 bonding + no lone pairs (50% p orbital character)
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sp2
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120 - e pairs = 3 bonding + no lone pairs, all angles are roughly the same
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sp3
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105 - e pairs = 2 bonding & 2 non-bonding, just one angle (ex: H2O)
107 - e pairs = 3 bonding + 1 long, three equal angles 109 - e pairs = 4 bonding, all four angles are the equal |
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Alkyl (aka Alkane)
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"R": C-H and C-C chains
non-functional group, backbone of many organic molecules. generally not very reactive, most things happen with the functional groups attached to an R |
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Alkene
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C=C
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Alkene vs. Aryl
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Aryls (aromatics) have alternating C-C & C=C bonds in a ring, Alkenes are do not have alternating C=C & C-C bonds
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Aryl (aka Aromatic)
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"Ar": Alternating C-C & C=C bonds in a ring. Becareful to distinguish from Alkene.
NOTE - C's can be replaced within the chain (example: C8H7NO on pg 37 of notes) |
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Alkyne
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C-C triple bond
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Amine
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N with at least 1 R or Ar group
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Primary
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degree 1 = group with 1 substituent
ex: NH2R |
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Secondary
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degree 2 = group with 2 substituents
ex: NHR2 |
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Tertiary
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degree 3 = group with 3 substituents
ex: NR3 |
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Ether
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Oxygen between 2 R or Ar groups
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Epoxide
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3-membered ring containing oxygen
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Alcohol
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OH to 1 R or Ar group
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Halide
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R or Ar with a Halogen
ex: R-Cl = chloride |
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Ketone
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C=O with 2 R or Ar and 1 H
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Aldehyde
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C=O with 1 R or Ar group & 1 H
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Carboxylic Acid
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C=O with 1 R or Ar and 1 OH
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Ester
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C=O with an O-R or O-Ar group
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Amide
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C=O with NR2 or NAr2
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Acid Halide
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C=O bonded onto a halide (ex: ROCl)
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Nitrile
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R or Ar with a C N triple bond
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Amine vs. Nitrile
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Nitrile: N has a triple bond to R or Ar
Amine: N has 3 single bonds to 3 separate atoms and at least 1 of those is an R or Ar |
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Acid Halide vs. Halide
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Acid Halide is a Halide with a O= attached to the R or Ar
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Carbolic Acid vs. Alcohol
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Alcohol: R or Ar with and OH
Carbolic Acid: R or Ar with and OH & an O=. *This O= is not a Keytone too because it is already part of the RO2H group |
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Carbolic Acid vs. Ester
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Ester: R or Ar with an O= and a O-
Carbolic Acid: R or Ar with and an O= and an O-H. *This O= is not a Keytone too because it is already part of the RO2H group |
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Amine & Amide
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Amine: N with 3 single bonds
Amide: N with 3 single bonds and one of those is to a C=O |
