Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Why would you administer IV to a pt.?
|
-If med is too irritating
-To avoid discomfort -Maintain constant blood flow of med -In life-threatning situation -Provides fluid and alectrolyte replacement therapy if can't be given orally -Some meds can get destroyed by the GI tract |
|
|
What are some types of fluid given IV?
|
-Hydrating solution
-Blood tranfusion -Total Parenteral Nutrition |
|
|
What does a Total Parental Nutrition treatment supply?
|
All needed calories and contain high dextrose concentrations, water, fat, protein, electrolytes, vitamins
|
|
|
What are the types of infusion in a IV therapy?
|
Peripheral
Central Continuous Intermittent |
|
|
At which height should the solution be maintained at?
|
3 feet
|
|
|
What should you record after initiating an IV?
|
Fluid type, amount of fluid, flow rate, apperance of the site
|
|
|
What happens when the IV infiltrates?
|
Occurs when IV fluids enter the subcutaneous space around the venipuncutre site
|
|
|
What are the sign of infiltration?
|
Local swelling
Pallor IV fluid rate decreases or stop Discomfort at the site |
|
|
What should you do when the IV infiltrates?
|
Discontinue IV infusion
Reinsert IV into another vein Elevate affected extremity to promote venous drainage Wrap extremity in warm towel for 20 min while elevated |
|
|
What is phlebitis?
|
An inflammation of the vein
Put pt at risk for developing clot |
|
|
What are the signs and symptoms of phlebitis?
|
Pain
Edema Erythema Increase in skin temp. over vein Can have redness along the path of vein |
|
|
What is the treatment for phlebitis?
|
Discontinue IV line
Reinsert IV into another vein Apply warm moist heat for relief |
|
|
What is an NG tube?
|
A pliable tube that is inserted through the pt's nasopharynx into the stomach
|
|
|
How do you determine the lenght of the tube?
|
Measure the distance from the tip of nose to earlobe to xiphoid process of sternum
|
|
|
What are some types of tubes?
|
Salem sump, Levin, Miller-Abbot(most common)
|
|
|
Decomposition (NG tube)
|
Removal of secretions and gaseous substances from GI
Prevention or relief of abdominal distention |
|
|
Feeding (gavage)
|
Instillation of liquid nutritional supplements or feeding into the stomach for clients unable to swallow fluid
Duo, Dubhoff, Levin most common |
|
|
Compression (NG tube)
|
Internal application of pressure by means of inflated ballon to prevent internal esophageal or GI hemorrage
Sengstaken-Brakemore is the most common tube used |
|
|
Lavage (NG tube)
|
Irrigation of stomach in cases of active bleeding, poisoning or gastric dilation
Levin, Ewald, Salem pump are the most common tubes used |
|
|
What is something you must do prior to initiating care?
|
Check for placement
|
|
|
What is a PEG Tube?
|
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
They are surgically inserted into the stomach or jejunum |
|
|
What is the purpose of the PEG tube?
|
To allow for liquid feeding when a client requires long term enteral feeding
Its better than the NG tube because it doesnt irritate the throat |
|
|
What are some complications that can happen with PEG tube?
|
Dislodgement
Infection Distention |
|
|
Preoperative
|
Before surgery
|
|
|
Intra-Operative
|
During Surgery
|
|
|
Postoperative
|
After Surgery
|
|
|
Ectomy
|
Removal of an organ or gland
|
|
|
Rrhaphy
|
Suturing or stitching (repair)
|
|
|
Ostomy
|
Providing an opening
|
|
|
Plasty
|
Plastic Repair
|
|
|
Scopy
|
Looking into
|
|
|
Elective Surgery
|
Necessary but not life-threatening, it will improve pt's life
It's based on client's choice |
|
|
Urgent Surgery
|
Prompt attention within 24hrs.
|
|
|
Emergency Surgery
|
To save life
|
|
|
Diagnostic test
|
Confirms a diagnosis
|
|
|
Ablative
|
Removal of diseased body part
(amputation) |
|
|
Palliative
|
Does not cure, will redice or relieve symptoms
(tumor debulking) |
|
|
Reconstructive or Repairative
|
Restores function or apperance
|
|
|
Procurement (harvesting)
|
for transplant
|
|
|
Cosmetic
|
Performed to improve personal apperance
|
|
|
Curative
|
Removes pathological cause
(cancer removal) |
|
|
What does CBC screen for?
|
Reveals infection (WBC)
Low blood volume (RBC) Potential for oxygenation problems (Hgb and Hct) |
|
|
Coagulation studies
|
PT and PTT and platelet count revelas clotting ability of the blood
Reveal clients at risk for bleeding |
|
|
Serum Creating/BUN
|
Indicates renal function
|
|
|
Diaphragmatic Breathing
|
Prevents panting or hyperventilation, increases lung expansion and O2 delivery, inhaling through nose warms humidifier and filters the air
|
|
|
Incentive Spirometer
|
Minimal inspiration and reduce collapse of alveoli
Slow breathing minimizes pain, inhaling through mouthpiece to inflate lungs |
|
|
Controlling cough
|
Consecutive coughs help remove mucus more effectively than one forceful cough
|
|
|
Sequential Compression Device
TEDS |
Promotes venous return and prevents circulatory stasis
Reduces risk of thrombi |
|
|
Leg exercises
|
Promotes joint mobility and venous return
|
|
|
What are some physical preparation for before the surgery?
|
NPO
Skin prep Bowel and bladder prep Rest and Comfort |
|
|
What are some things the pt has to be informed about?
|
Nature and purpose of the treatment or procedure
The expected outcomes and probabilities of sucess, risk and benefits Alternatives to the procedure Effect of doing w/o treatment or procedure including the effect on prognosis |
|
|
What are 3 elements of informed consent?
|
Consent is given voluntarily
Consent is given by an individual with capacity and competence to understand what the procedure involves Sufficient info must be provided |
|
|
Should the nurse be the one to provide the informed consent?
|
No, it is the physicians responsability. They are the ones that must acquire
|
|
|
What are the nurses role pre-op?
|
They serve as witness that the pt. is capable to make informed consent and that the consent is given voluntary
|
|
|
When should the consent be signed?
|
Prior to sedation. If given before, must wait 4 hrs for sedation to wear off
|
|
|
What is the nurse witnessing for?
|
That the pt signed and that it is indeed the pt signing the document. Nurse is not witnessing that the pt understood the procedure
|
|
|
What are the requirement for a consent to be valid?
|
Pt must at least 18 yrs old
Received info of treatment and its side effects Mentally competent Consent voluntary |
|
|
Who is an emancipated minor?
|
Person under age but living outside the home, earning a living by themselves, also a person under age that is married
|
|
|
If in the case of an emergency, who should give the consent?
|
Parents if child is under 18
if no family members can give consent the nursing supervisor should be called If by phone, 2 ppl need to hear it |
|
|
What is the reason for pre-op medication?
|
Pt. anxiety
Amount of general anesthesia required Risk of nasea/vomiting Risk of respiratory secretion |
|
|
What is the nurse's role in the OR?
|
Safety - correctly id pt
|
|
|
What did JCAHO implement universally to prevent a mistake before surgery?
|
Pre-op verification process
Marking the operative site A "time-out" immediately before starting the procedure |
|
|
What is concious anesthesia?
|
Minimal depression of level of consciousness
Allow pt to respond verbally and with physical stimuli (Colonoscopy) |
|
|
What is a Local anesthesia?
|
Specific areas for minor surgical procedure
(lidocaine to suture) |
|
|
What is a nerve block anesthesia?
|
Into and around nerve or group of nerves supplying area
(numb perineum) |
|
|
What is an epidural?
|
Epidural space to anesthetize large areas
Awake but feel no pain |
|
|
What is a Spinal anesthesia?
|
Through lumbar puncture in subrachnoid space
Conscious but no movement of lower extremities |
|
|
What are the 3 stages of general anesthesia?
|
Induction
Maintanance Emergence |
|
|
What is the role of the scrub nurse?
|
Maintains surgical asepsis while draping and handling instruments and supplies
|
|
|
What is the role of the circulation nurse?
|
Assess client on admission to OR; collaborates in safely positioning pt on table
Assists with monitoring the pt during sergery Provides additional supplies maintains environmental safety and verifies the count |
|
|
What is the role of the nurse in the PACU?
|
Assess for physical adaptation, effects of anesthesia
Highest priority is on assessing the adequacy of respiration function Monitor vital signs Provide comfort/pain relief Assist in orienting pt back to consciousness |
