Basic Concepts Card Set Psychopharmacology

Front 1

Substance Dependence (DSM-IV)

Back 1

3 of the Following:

1. Use, Despite Harm
2. Unsuccessful efforts to control use.
3. Tolerance
4. Withdrawal
5. Use more than intended
6. great deal of time using, obtaining or recovering
7. Interferes with functioning

Front 2

Substance Abuse (DSM-IV)

Back 2

1 of the Following:

1. Failure to fulfill obligations
2. Use in physically hazardous situations
3. Substance-related legal problems
4. Social or interpersonal problems

Front 3

Physical Dependence vs. Clinical Dependence (Addiction)

Back 3

Physical dependence comes with withdrawal symptoms.

Not all drugs produce physical dependence: Cannabis, Cocaine

Physical dependence does not always indicate clinical dependence (addiction): Painkillers, Caffeine

Front 4

Tolerance

Back 4

Need more of drug to get same effect.

Can b/c tolerant some effects and not others: Heroin - Tolerance to the euphoria; not the pupil constriction.

Barbiturates- Tolerance to pleasurable effects; not to slowed Response Time

Amphetamines- Tolerance to euphoric and appetite suppression; not psychotic effects.

Front 5

Cross Tolerance

Back 5

Take one drug, tolerant to another.
Occurs with drugs of the same class.

E.g., Morphine, heroin
Alcohol, barbiturates.

Front 6

Metabolic Tolerance

Back 6

Body produces more enzymes to metabolize drug.
-Liver enzymes (30%)

Front 7

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Back 7

If drug causes increase in Neurotransmitters, then body finds way to decrease NTs.
-Number of receptors decrease
-Reuptake pumps increase

If drug causes decrease in NTs,
body finds way to increase NTs:
-Receptors increase
-NT released increase

Front 8

Behavioral Tolerance

Back 8

Practicing under the influence increases performance while drunk.
(Learning to walk while drunk after many times of practice)

Front 9

Conditioned Tolerance

Back 9

Stimuli normally present in drug taking situation b/c conditioned stimuli (CS's) that signal the drug is coming (US)

-Conditioned Compensatory Response:

Consuming drug in a new environment: body doesn't have a chance to "get ready"

Front 10

Downregulation and Upregulation

Back 10

Downregulation: Reduced response to excessive neurotransmitter.

Upregulation: If a nerve receives too few inputs, cell responds by increasing # of receptors (sensitization)
-Reverse tolerance

Front 11

Drug associated stimuli categories (4)

Back 11

1. The Drug itself
2. Environmental
(People, places, things)
3. Emotional
(Stress)
4. Cognitive
(Availability)