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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Supine |
On back Evaluate front of patient Perform CPR |
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Prone |
On stomach |
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Semi-Fowler |
Supine on bed titled at 30-45 degrees |
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Full Fowler |
Supine on bed titled at more than 80 degrees Best position to eat Best position to breathe |
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Left Lateral Recumbent |
Laying on left side Best position if you're vomiting or will vomit |
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Right Lateral Recumbent |
Laying on right side Best position if you're vomiting or will vomit |
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Trendelenberg |
Supine with lower half of body above upper half |
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Reverse Trendelenberg |
Supine with upper half of body above lower half |
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Where do tie restraints? |
On bed frame, not side rail |
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What does pulse oximetry measure? |
Percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin |
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What is EKG? |
Recording of the heart's electrical activity |
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Electrical current moving towards the positive electrode cause a __________ deflection |
Positive |
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How would the stylus deflect is the current is flowing parallel? Angled? Perpendicular? |
Very upwards/downwards Slightly upwards/downwards N/A |
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Bipolar Leads |
1 - left side of heart 2 - bottom of heart 3 - bottom of heart Einthoven's triangle |
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Unipolar Leads |
aVR - right side of heart aVL - left side of heart aVF - bottom of heart |
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Precordial Leads |
V1/V2 - right ventricle V3/V4 - intraventricular septum and anterior wall of left ventricle V5/V6 - anterior and lateral walls of left ventricle |
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V1 location |
4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum |
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V2 location |
4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum |
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V4 location |
5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line |
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V3 location |
Half way between V2 and V4 |
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V5 location |
5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line |
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V6 location |
5th intercostal space at the midaxillary line |
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What can information from a single lead show? |
Rate and regularity Time to conduct an impulse |
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Size of smallest boxes on EKG paper |
0.04 seconds |
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P wave |
Atrial excitation |
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P-R interval |
Impulse delay at atrioventricular junction |
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QRS complex |
Ventricular excitation |
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T wave |
Ventricular repolarization |
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Normal sinus rhythm |
60-100 bpm |
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Causes of dysrhythmias |
CNS damage Hypothermia Electrolyte imbalances Myocardium trauma ANS imbalance (etc) |
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What to do during physical examination |
Observe Palpate Auscultate |
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Level of Consciousness |
Alert and Oriented (person, place, time, event) Verbal Painful Unresponsive |
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What to focus on with consciousness patient? Unconscious patient? |
Chief complaint Most physical problem |
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What to ask consciousness patient |
Signs and symptoms Allergies Medication Past pertinent history Last oral intake Event leading up condition |
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What to look for during physical exam |
Deformities Contusions Abrasions Punctures Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swell |
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Where to start physical exam on adult? Child? |
Head Foot |
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What to look for in extremities |
Circulation Sensation Movement |
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You have to make sure your wound dressing is: |
Sterile Lint free Thick, soft and compressible Larger than the wound |
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Types of wound dressings |
Gauze Adhesive strips Trauma/improvised dressings |
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What to do when injured |
Rest to prevent further injury Ice 2-4 times a day for 20-30 mins to reduce inflammation Compress with bandage to reduce swelling Elevate a non-fractured limb above heart to decrease blood flow to that area Stabilize the limb to prevent movement |
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Best method of ice |
Ice chips in a plastic bag |
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What to do if someone's bleeding |
Apply a dressing (like gauze) and pressure If blood keeps flowing through after multiple layers, apply tourniquet |
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How do you know if someone separated their shoulder? |
Clavicle is higher on that arm Limited/no mobility of that arm |
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How do you know if someone dislocated their shoulder? |
Shoulder looks squared off Upper arm is held away from body No mobility of that arm |
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What to use to stabilize shoulder and arm injuries |
Sling and swathe |
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How do you know if an extremity is fractured? |
Tenderness Inability to move Deformity Swelling |
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Types of splints |
Rigid Air Vacuum Self/automatic |
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How do you know if an ankle is sprained? |
Swelling on one side of foot They can stand and walk |
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How do you know if an ankle is broken? |
Swelling on both sides of foot They can't stand or walk |
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How do you know if it's a heat cramp? Solution? |
Spasm feeling in muscles Ice muscles, stretch, drink water |
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How do you know if it's a heat exhaustion? Solution? |
Skin is hot and sweaty, have muscle cramps, dizzy, nauseous Go in shade, drink water, lay on back |
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How do you know if it's a heat stroke? Solution? |
Skin is hot and dry, pupils dilated, rapid to weak pulse Calm EMS, go in shade, drink water (if possible) |
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Stages of hypothermia |
Shivering Lowered muscle function Lowered level of consciousness Lowered vitals Death |
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Signs of hypothermia |
Cold skin Shivering Slurred speech Dehydrated |
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Solutions to hypothermia |
Call EMS Slowly heat up (to prevent shock) Don't go to sleep |
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Symptoms of hypoglycemia |
Tachycardia Slurred speech Lightheaded Memory loss Sweating a lot |
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Symptoms of hyperglycemia |
Dehydration Hyperventilation Sweet breath Hypotension Not sweating |
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Signs of shock |
Increased HR Fast, weak pulse Can't maintain constant body temp |
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Solution to shock |
Go in supine or trendelenberg Drink water Maintain open airway |
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Solution to syncope |
Go in supine or trendelenberg Drink water Maintain open airway |
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What to do during seizure |
Don't touch the seizing person Move yourself and stuff out the way so no one gets hurt After seizure, put in left lateral recumbent |
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Signs of angina and myocardial infarction |
Discomfort above waist Nausea Sweating a lot |
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Solutions to angina and myocardial infarction |
Sit down or lay down Stop activity Call EMS |
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Sign of TIA and CVA |
Slurred speech Paralysis Decrease in body functions |
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Solutions to TIA and CVA |
Sit down or lay down Stop activity Call EMS |
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HBV |
Virus attacks liver Cause liver cancer and failure There's a vaccine Lives in dried blood for a few hours |
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HCV |
Virus attacks liver Cause liver cancer and failure Lives in dried blood for several days |
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HIV |
Destroys CD4+ T cells Makes you more susceptible to infections Lowers cell-mediated immunity |
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What's the role of OSHA? |
Occupational safety and health act of 1970 Promote workplace safety by providing training and education |
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How to know if it's a sharps container? |
Red with biohazard logo |
