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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom
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The smallest particle where a substance retains its identity.
Its mass is measure in atomic mass units (AMU.) |
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electron
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the negativley charged particle in a atom
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synthesis reaction
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two or more elements come together to form a compound.
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noble gas
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an element in group 18 that is unreactive beacuse it has a full set of valence electrons
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electron arrangment
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all atoms have 2 electrons in the 1st level, and up to eight in each subsqeunt level. Group 1 has 1 valence lectrons, group 2, 2, group 3-12 1or 2 because of backfiling and gropu 14- 18 to dtriem the amount of valence lectrons drop the 1.
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chromatography
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study of sepration of inks
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catalyst
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something that speeds up the rate of reaction such an enzyme
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endothermic
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any reaction where enegry is absorbed
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valence electron
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number of electrons in the outermost level, this determines an element's reactivity
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base
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a substance that is slippery, bitter and enlarges that number of hydroxide ions. OH-
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coefficent
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2CO
The two is a coffeicent |
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diatomic molecule
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The smallest covalent compound, any element bonded to itself. They are iodine, flourine, chlorine, hydrogen, heluim, and oxygen.
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molecule
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the smallest particle in a covalent compound
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covalent bond
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When two non metals nuclei are attracted and there electrons are shared.
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decomposition reaction
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when a compound breaks into simpler substances.
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element
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a pure substance
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electron shell
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the outermost shell of an atom
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ionic compounds
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compounds make up of ionic bonds.
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inhibitor
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something that stops a chemical reaction
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reactents
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the left side of a chemical equation
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crystal lattice
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the pattern that ionic compounds are arranged in.
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salt
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a substance formed when a acid and base neutralize each other
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subscript
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the number below the chemical symbol
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activation energy
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the energy needed to start the reaction
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proton
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the part of an atom with a postive charge
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ionic bond
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a bond between a metal and a non metal when electrons are transferd.
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single and double replacement reactions
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where different atoms switch places in a compound
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compound
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2 or more elemnts combined by chemical means
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isotope
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an atom with an abnormal amount of neutrons
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law of conservation of mass
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matter cannot be created nor destroyed in reactions
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exothermic
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an reaction where energry is given off.
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product
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the right side of a chemical equation
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metallic bond
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a bond between 2 metals
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organic
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anything that is carbon based
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conductivity
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how well elements conduct electric current
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polarity
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a non polar has both parts equally sharing electrons, a polar compound does not.
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neutron
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a nuetral particle
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ion
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a particle with a charge
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halogen
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any element in group 17
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acid
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a sour substance with a Ph of less than 7
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inorganic compound
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a non carbon based compound
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colliod
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a type of mixture with dispersted particles that don't settle out
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solute
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something that is dissolved to form a solution
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solvent
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substance in which a solute is dissolved
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suspension
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a mixture with dispersted particles that settle out
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saturated solution
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a solution with all the material it can hold
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boiling
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exothermic change, a form of vaporization
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Boyle's Law
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If the amount of gas is fixed at one temperature then as the volume goes up the pressure goes down. (inverse relationship)
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Charles's law
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If the amount of gas and pressure is constant the volume goes up as the temperature goes up.
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condesation
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an endothermic change when a gas goes to a liquid.
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evaporation
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a exothermic a type of vaporization
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gas
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One of 4 states of matter, are almost completely apart, no definent shape or volume
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liquid
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the particles are starting to move a defintie volume but no definite shape.
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plasma
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most abudant state, no definite shape or volume, particles completely broken apart, made of electrons and ions.
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solid
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state of matter with a definite volume and shape
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sublimation
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an exothermic change going from a solid to a gas.
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surface tension
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force causing the formation of water droplets
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viscosity
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how much a liquid resists flow
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chemical change
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a change in which a substance can not be reversed by physical changes and has new properties.
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ductility
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abiltiy to be pulled into wire
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physical change
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a change that affects a physical aspect such as size
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solubility
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how well something mixes
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What was Dalton's major acccomplishment?
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He created the atomic theory.
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What did Democritus do?
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He introduced the idea of an atom.
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What did Rutheford do?
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He came up with the nucleus.
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What did Bohr do?
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He came up with the idea that elctrons jump from level to level.
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What did Thompson do?
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He came up with the plum pudding model.
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Mendeleev major accomplishment was?
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He came up with the peoridic table of elements.
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Mosely's major accomplishment was?
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He organized the peoridic table.
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