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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cells
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smallest units that perform all physiological functions.
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nucleus
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controls cell division and protein synthesis, contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
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GAMERLC- The organelles
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golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, cytoskeleton.
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Golgi Apparatus
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modifies concentrates and packages proteins and lipids.
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Mitochondria
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makes ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) - cell energy, using sugar and oxygen.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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rough- studded with ribosomes, modifies proteins.
smooth- lipid metabolism, detoxifies, stores. |
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Ribosomes
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make proteins by joining amino acids together.
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Lysosomes
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protein that stays inside the cell, contains enzymes that destroy harmful substances that might enter the cell, release stores of glucose or CA++ to maintain blood levels.
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Cytoskeleton
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gives cells shape and movement, made of protein strands called actin and myosin.
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The plasma membrane
-lipids -cholesterol -proteins -carbohydrates |
coats every cell in the body
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Membrane lipids
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double layer of phospholipid heads;
hydrophilic- freely interacts with water. hydrophobic- repels water. |
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cholesterol
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between some of the tails, gives support.
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Membrane proteins
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Integral- firmly inserted in the lipid bilayer, transmembrane, transport via channels, carriers, receptors.
Peripheral- not embedded, attached to integral proteins or membrane lipids, enzymes, cell movement. |
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Membrane carbohydrates
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attached to outer surface proteins- glycoproteins. attached to membrane lipids- glycolipids.
- glycocalyx blood group antigens receptors cell interactions |
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Membrane extentions
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microvilli
cilia |
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Transportation across the membrane
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passive transport
active transport- needs ATP bulk transport diffusion osmosis- specifically water filtration facilitated diffusion |
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simple diffusion
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moves from high to low concentration using kinetic energy (not ATP).
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