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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a dalton?
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A unit of measurement for the mass of protons and neutrons.
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What does the atomic number tell the number of in an atom?
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Protons and electrons.
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What does the mass number indicate the quantity of?
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The sum of protons and neutrons.
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All atoms of a given element have the same number of which of the following: Electrons, protons, or neutrons?
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Protons.
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Where is almost all of an atom's weight concentrated?
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In its nucleus.
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What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
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Protons and neutrons.
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Which parts of an atom are charged?
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Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged. Neutrons do not carry a charge.
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What is an atomic form referred to as when it has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons?
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An isotope.
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What does it mean if an isotope is stable?
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It does not have a tendency to lose particles.
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What are the qualities of a radioactive isotope?
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The nucleus of an atom decays and will eventually turn into another element if it loses protons.
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Does the outter most shell of an electron have more or less potential energy?
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More potential energy.
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What is an example of something that can give electons more potential energy?
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Light energy.
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What is an example of something that can take away the potential energy of electons?
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The release of heat.
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Does the inner most shell of an electron have more or less potential energy?
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Less potential energy.
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What is the maximum number of electons that can occupy an orbital?
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Two.
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How many electrons can the inner most energy shell of an atom contain?
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Two.
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How many electrons can energy shells (other than the inner most energy shell) of an atom contain?
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Eight.
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Where are valence electons in an atom located?
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They are the electrons in the outter most energy shell.
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What is the name for elements required by organisms in minute quantities only?
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Trace elements.
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What is the outter most energy shell of an atom called?
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The Valence shell.
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What are the 11 natually occuring elements in the human body?
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfer, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium.
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How much of human body weight is composed of the oxygen element?
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65%
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How much of human body weight is composed of the carbon element?
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18.5%
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How much of human body weight is composed of the hydrogen element?
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9.5%
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How much of human body weight is composed of the nitrogen element?
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3.3%
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What is the term for a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio?
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A compound.
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What is the term for a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by a chemical reaction?
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An element.
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What type of cells do bacteria have?
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Prokaryotic cells.
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What is one distinguishing facor between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Eukaryotic cells have organelles.
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Ionic compounds are also known as what?
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Salts.
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What is an ion?
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A charged atom resulting from an electron transfer between two atoms.
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What is an anion?
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A negatively charged atom resulting from an electron transfer between two atoms.
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What is a cation?
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A positively charged atom resulting from an electron transfer between two atoms.
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An ion is positively charged when it is missing what?
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An electron.
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