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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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intelligence
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theoretical construct used to explain human behavior; internal construct that determines rational thinking and potential to learn and remember; guides daily functioning and adaptation to the environment; develops through a combination of environmental and genetic influences
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Wechsler
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"The global ability of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment"
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Intelligence tests
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measure only a narrow band of selected behaviors; allow us to infer the extent to which a person can process information (novel or previously-learned); measure those mental abilities that are highly correlated with future academic functioning and vocational success; sensitive to the integrity of the brain and reflect global cognitive functioning
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Where are IQ tests used?
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schools, mental health settings, neuropsychological settings, rehabilitation settings, court settings; used in these settings because they can predict future academic performance, are sensitive to the integrity of the brain, and provide a standard for judging persons' potential for adaptive functioning
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Major Arguments Against IQ tests
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cultural bias; normed on Caucasians; minority children and adults have deficient test-taking skills; white examiners obtian lowers scores than black examiners; IQ tests result in placement inferior educational programs; scores aren't stable; infant tests are much more predictive of future IQ of children who are handicapped; childhood IQ correlates to .5 to .7 with adult academic achievement; nonverbal IQ tests fail to correlate with reading and writing achievement
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4 factors of a child's IQ
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genetic, familial, educational, and nonfamilial
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genetic factors
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e.g. child's genetic makeup
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familial factors
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e.g. father's IQ and education, mother's IQ and education, quality of home environment
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educational factors
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e.g. quality of school and teacher characteristics
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nonfamilial factors
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e.g. best friend's IQ and quality of community
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Spearman
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(1927) Factor Analyic Theory
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Factor Analytic Theory
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Two factor theory of intelligence; "g"= general ability; "s"=specific ability; any measured cognitive skill is composed of "g" and "s"
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Thurstone
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(1938) Primary mental illness (Factor Analytic Theory)
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Thurstone's theory
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No g, several small factors each of which had equal weight, subsequent factor studies revealed a "g"
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Vernon
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(1960) "Hierarchical" theory based on 4 levels from general to specific
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