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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Pharmacology
The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.
Medical pharmacology
The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.
Toxicology
The branch of pharmacology that deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to humans to complex ecosystems.
Materia medica
The science of drug preparation and the medical use of drugs- a precurser to pharmacology.
Francois Magendie, and later Claude Bernard
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries they began to develop the methods of experimental physiology and pharmacology.
Controlled Clinical Trial
Concepts of rational therapeutics, understanding how drugs work at the organ and tissue levels.
Drug receptor
Drug action and the biologic substrate of that action
Pharmocogenomics
The relation of the individuals genetic makeup to his or her response to specific drugs. (Close to becoming a practical area of therapy.
Two principles that the student should remember:
1) All substances can under certain circumstances be toxic, and the chemicals in botanicals (herbs and extracts) are no different from chemicals in manufactured drugs except for the proportion of impurities.
2) All dietary supplements and all therapies promoted as health enhancing should meet the same standards of efficacy and safety as conventional drugs and medical therapies. There should be not artificial separation between scientific medicine and alternative or complementary medicine.
agonist
activator
antagonist
inhibitor
Receptor
Molecule in the biologic system that plays a regulatory role.
Chemical antagonists
Drugs that interact directly with other drugs.
Osmotic agents
Drugs that interact almost exclusively with water molecules.
Hormones
Drugs synthesized within the body.
Xenobiotics
Chemicals NOT synthesized in the body.
Poisons
Drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects. (The dose makes the poison= meaning that any substance can be harmful if taken in the wrong dosage)
Toxins
Poisons of biologic origin, ie, synthesized by plants or animals, in contrast to inorganic poisons such as lead and arsenic.
Covalent bond
Very strong bond and in many cases not reversible under biologic conditions.
Electrostatic bonding
Much more common than covalent bonding in drug-receptor interactions. Vary from relatively strong linkages between permanently charged ionic molecules to weaker hydrogen bonds and very weak induced dipole interactions.