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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name critical structures in the extrapyramidal system?
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Basal Ganglia:
Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, STN Substantia Nigra |
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_3/chapter_26.html
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The basal ganglia plays an important role in:
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--Initiation and maintenance of movement
--Postural control --Resting muscle tone --Automatic associated movements (arm swing) --Possibly emotional expression (smiling, frowning, laughing, crying) |
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_3/chapter_26.html
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The caudate and putamen are separated in some places by:
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Penetrating fibers of the Internal Capsule...
But remain joined in other places by cellular bridges. |
Blumenfeld
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Describe the Internal Capsule
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A V-shaped collection of fibers going to and from the cortex.
The Corticobulbar and Corticospinal tracts lie in its posterior limb. |
Blumenfeld
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The caudate and putamen comprise the:
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Striatum (or neostriatum)
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Blumenfeld
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What receives all inputs to the basal ganglia?
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Striatum (caudate and putamen)
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Blumenfeld
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True or False
The caudate and thalamus are always medial to the internal capsule. |
True
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Blumenfeld
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The lentiform nucleus is comprised of the:
And is situated: |
Putamen and globus pallidus.
Lateral to the internal capsule |
Blumenfeld
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What form the lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle.
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Thalaums
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Blumenfeld
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The head and body of the caudate form a bulge on:
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The lateral wall of the lateral ventricle.
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Blumenfeld
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Basal ganglia lesions can lead to what types of motor symptoms?
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Dystonia
Rigidity Myoclonus Tremor Bradykinesia, Hypokinesia, & Akinesia Dyskinesia (Chorea, Athetosis) Tremor Abulia |
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True or False
The basal ganglia are part of a network of complex loops that exert their major influence on descending motor systems through projections to the motor and premotor cortex. |
True
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Blumenfeld
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Types of Tremors:
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Resting
Postural (Essential is most typical) Intention (Ataxic) |
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Essential tremor
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Usually involves hands or arms but can affect jaw, tongue lips, head, vocal cords, legs or trunk.
Can result in difficulty holding a glass without spilling, writing, etc. ie: Katherine Hepburn |
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Intention tremor
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Usually cerebellar.
Occurs as patient tries to move limb toward target. |
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What degenerates in Huntington's?
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Striatal neurons in the caudate and putamen
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Blumenfeld
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What basal ganglia structures lie behind the internal capsule.
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Caudate and Thalamus
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The tail of the caudate lies where?
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It runs along the roof of the temporal horn
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Outputs leave the basal ganglia via the:
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Internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) &
Substantia Nigra pars reticulata (SNr) |
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True or False:
Spasticity and Ataxia are basal ganglia disorders. |
False.
Spacticity is due to corticospinal UMN lesions; Ataxia is due to lesions of cerebellar circuitry. |
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Paratonia is:
And is seen in patients with: |
Involuntary "activel" resistance during passive movement of their limbs. Unlike Parkinson's rigidity, it has an inconsistent, almost voluntary quality.
Frontal lobe dysfunction |
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List causes of increased tone.
Localize each. |
Spacticity: Corticospinal tract
Rigidity: Basal Ganglia Dystonia: Basal Ganglia Paratonia: Frontal lobe dysfx |
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Wilson's Disease is characterized by:
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Gradual onset of:
Dysarthria Dystonia (some with facial dystonia causing wry smile) Rigidity Tremor (some with wind-beating tremor) Choreoathetosis Prominent psyc disturbance Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper). An autosomal recessive disorder of biliary copper excretion |
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Is apraxia cortical or subcortical?
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Cortical
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True or False
The basal ganglia is involved in general motor fxs, eye movements, frontal executive fx, and limbic pathways. |
True
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