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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do Catecholamine's do to myocardial contractility?
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Increase myocardial Contractility
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What is Stroke Volume?
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The amount of blood ejected from the ventricles per contraction.
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What Increases Venous return (preload)?
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Inspiration, squatting, raising supine pt legs in the air, amyl nitrate
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What decreases venous return?
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Standing up, valsalva
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What increases afterload (BP)?
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Sustained hand grip, squatting
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What decreases afterload?
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Squatting, amyl nitrate
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What does JVP measure?
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JVP measures the activity of the RT Heart and indicates the RA pressure.
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Cardiac Cycle S1/S2
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S1 is closing of MV and TV initiates systole, S2 is end of systole and closing of pulmonic and aortic valves
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CO
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CO=HR x SV = Amt of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
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BP
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BP = CO x PVR
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EF
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Ejection Fraction = diastolic volume - systolic volume/ diastolic volume
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PP
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Pulse Pressure = Systolic - Diastolic
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Rx of Hypotension
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Fluids, vasodilators to increase afterload and CO
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Effects of inspration on heart sounds
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Increases with respiration and decreases with expiration
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Cardiac risk factors-given scenario CAD-HDL
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Hypertension, DM, hypercholesteremia, smoking, FH, age male>45, female>55, obesity, physical inactivity, high triglycerides levels, heredity, death from MI in family
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What increases the intensity of S1?
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This chest wall, increased blood velocity, (anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism, exercise, anxiety) MS, short PR interval
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What decreases the intensity of S1?
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Increase overlying tissue, fat or fluid, pulmonary emphysema, pericardial effusion, cardiogenic shock, CHF, MR, fibrosis and calcification of MV, ASD, long PR interval
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What causes variation on intensity of S1?
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Atrial fib, complete heart block or AV dissociation, RBBB
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Cor Pulmonale
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RT ventricular failure due to pulmonary etiology, mose common COPD
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High CO failure - List causes
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Amemia; Beriberi; Thyroidtoxicosis; Pregnancy; Paget's disease; AV's fistula (renal failure patients)
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Management of ACS - unstable angina
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Haparin; revascularization PTCA and CABG; Oxygen; NTG; ASA; Ca channel blockers; or B blockers but contraindicated if HF, asthma; COPD; DM and Prinzmetal's angina
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Management of Acute MI
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Thromolytics; Haparin; ASA
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Innocent Murmurs
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Always systolic
Common in kids Not assoc. with CV abnorm. Diastolic always abnrom. |
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Ejection Murmurs
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Systolic
Crescendo decrescendo "Dimond Shape" Harsh Foward flow through semilunar |
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Holosystolic
Pansystolic Murmurs |
Extend through systole
Most common Leaky AV valves Rarely Ventricular Septal Def. Always abnormal |
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Late Systolic Murmurs
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May be precended by a midsystolic click
Mitral Valve Prolapse |
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Early Diastolic Murmurs
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Incompetent Semilunar Valves
High pitch decrescendo Follows S2 Aortic Insuffeciency Pulmonic Insuffeciency |
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Mid Diastolic Murmurs
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AV valves
assoc. with open snap always pathologic common Mitral Stenosis |
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S4
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Atrial Contraction against non-complient stiff ventricle
Best heard with Bell Late Diastole Always abnormal |
