Baroque Terms B

Front 1

opera seria

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signify Italian opera of the 18th and 19th centuries on a heroic or tragic subject, Gluck, Handel

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oratorio

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An extended musical setting of a sacred text made up of dramatic, narrative and contemplative elements. Carissimi, Handel - Messiah

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dance suite

Back 3

instrumental music collection with dances such as the allemande, courante and sarabande as standard components, Froberger, Schein - Banchetto musicale

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trio sonata

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applied to Baroque sonatas for two or three melody instruments and continuo, Rossi, Corelli - sonatas op.1-4

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ground bass

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or basso ostinato with patterns such as chaconne or passacaglia, emphasis on a melodic bass line, Cavalli, Monteverdi - l'incoronazione di Poppea

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French overture

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A festive musical introduction for an opera, ballet or suite. The form combines a slow opening, marked by stately dotted rhythms and suspensions, with a lively fugal second section. couperin, lully - l'amour malade ballet

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cantata

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A work for one or more voices with instrumental accompaniment. Multiscetional with alternating recit. and arias, Rossi, Carissimi, Scarlatti

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toccata

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Irregular or free rhythm,changes in texture, use of imitative counterpoint, improvisatory, Bach, Frescobaldi Toccate Book I

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sonata da camera

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Chamber sonata, Suite of stylized dances, Corelli - op.2, Rosenmüller

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monody

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music consisting of a single line, Used in recitative, aria and madrigal, Becomes the central technique of opera music, Caccini, Monteverdi

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prima/seconda prattica

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Stile antico vs. stile moderno, The style of vocal polyphony, Music dominates the text Willaert and codified in the theoretical writings of Zarlino,
Seconda prattica:The style of Text dominates the music Freer dissonance handling, modern Italians such as Rore, Marenzio, and Monteverdi

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basso continuo

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Firm bass, Florid treble, New emphasis on the bass, Isolation of bass and treble as 2 essential lines of texture, Indifference to the inner parts as melodic lines, Peri, Monteverdi

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opera buffa

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first applied to the genre of comic opera as it rose to popularity in Italy and abroad over the course of the 18th century.Alessandro Scarlatti, Pergolesi

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Ritornello

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music played between strophs of a song, instrumental interludes, Signified a refrain part, used by Monteverdi, Torelli,Vivaldi, Combines recurrence of familiar music with variety and stability of key relationships

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Da capo aria

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Motto beginning: short musical phrase from which music is developed, Running bass: steadily following rhythm of 8th notes, Coloratura passages used to express pictoral words 'flash', 'ray' and 'pain',first (or A) section is recapitulated, normally in ornamented form,ABA form Scarlatti

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fugue

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designation for a piece of music and as the name of a compositional technique to be introduced into a piece of music. Imitative counterpoint in some fashion has been the single unifying factor, A composition, or a compositional technique, in which imitative counterpoint involving one main theme is the central device of formal extension. Handel, Bach

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sonata da chiesa

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A Baroque instrumental work, often in four movements, ordinarily begin with a fast imitative movement, and include triple-metre sections and expressive adagios, The use of organ continuo and the presence of a separate melodic bass partbook, Corelli

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stile recitativo

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A type of vocal writing, normally for a single voice, with the intent of mimicking dramatic speech in song, static basso continuo against
steady vocal motion through consonances and dissonances, Voice was liberated from harmony to emulate declamation
Peri, Monteverdi

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concerto grosso

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contrasting sonorities, A small ensemble of solo instruments set against a large ensemble, Concertino: 'small' ensemble in the concerto grosso, Tutti, ripieno (full) large ensemble