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373 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some things we know about early barbering practitioners? |
They were shamans or priests in some cultures, they were held in high esteem, they used tools made from flints. |
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According to archaeological studies, animal sinews were used for what? |
To tie hair back |
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What does the Latin word Tonsorial mean? |
The cutting, clipping, or trimming of hair with shears or a razor. |
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Some tribes believed that cutting the hair did what? |
Exorcised bad spirits. |
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In Egyptian culture, the hair, nails, and skin were colored with coloring ages made from what 3 things? |
Berries, minerals, and bark |
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In ancient Egypt the entire bodies of _______ were shaved every third day. |
Priests |
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What group of warriors wove their front hair into 3 sections of tiny braids and the rest of the hair into a queue down the back. |
Masai Warriors |
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During the lifetime of Moses, barbering was available to whom? |
The general population |
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Why did Alexander the Great's Macedonians lose several battles to the Persians? |
Because of their beards. |
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In Rome, clean-shaven faces were the trend until Hadrian came into power in what year? |
117 AD |
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How did the Noblemen of ancient Gaul show their rank in society? |
By wearing their hair long. |
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Who abolished the practice of tonsure in 1972? |
The Roman Catholic Church |
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What is Tonsure? |
The practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. |
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British barristers in England wore gray wigs in what century? |
The 17th century |
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In 3000 BC, the _______ were shaving with obsidian blades. |
Mesopotamians |
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During the _______, monks and priests were the physicians. |
The Middle Ages |
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In what year did the barber-surgeons of France form their first organization? |
1096 |
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What does the bottom end-cap of modern barber poles represent? |
The basin that was used as a vessel to catch the blood during bloodletting. |
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What do the colors of the barber pole represent? |
Red=Blood, Blue=Veins, White=Bandages |
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During the _________, employer organizations of barbers were known as master barber groups? |
The late 1800s |
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The Terminal Methods system was enacted where and in what year? |
New York City, 1916 |
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What is the Terminal Methods system? |
The Terminal Methods included the boiling in water of every instrument used in plain view of the customer ; the sealing of brushes in airtight glassine bags after the instruments had been thoroughly sterilized, either by baking, boiling or dipping into a sterilizing solution ; and it carried this strict sanitation and more professional work into every act of the barber. |
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Protozoa are a type of what? |
Microorganism |
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Pathogens are what? |
Microorganisms that are capable of causing infectious diseases in plants or animals. |
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Bacteria only have one cell and are called? |
Unicellular Microorganisms |
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Disease can be produced by what type of bacteria? |
Pathogenic |
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Staphyloccoci bacteria cause what? |
MRSA or staph infections. |
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What type of bacteria grows in pairs and causes pneumonia and gonorrhea? |
Diplococci bacteria |
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How are cocci bacteria transmitted?
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Air, dust, and water |
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The outer part of a bacterium is called what? |
The cell wall |
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Microorganisms multiply well in _____ conditions? |
warm |
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16,000,0000 microbes can be created by one bacterium in a 12 hour period during what? |
Mitosis |
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When does an infection occur? |
When the body is unable to cope with bacteria and their harmful toxins. |
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To limit the spread of MRSA, you should do what 3 things? |
Cover scrapes and cuts, avoid contact with other people's wounds, and avoid contact with other people's personal items. |
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How do contagious diseases spread?
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Through contact from one person to another. |
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Open sores, pus, and unclean hands may be a source of what? |
Contagion |
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What can spread body fluids to a razor during shaving? |
Blemishes or an open sore. |
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The _______ is one way that pathogenic bacteria or viruses typically enter the body. |
The mouth |
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The body fights infection using what? |
Perspiration |
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What is an example of an objective symptom? |
Swelling |
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What causes the common cold? |
Viruses |
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What is a defense against viruses? |
Vaccination |
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Hepatitis B can cause what? |
lifelong hepatitis infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer, and death |
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True or False: Hepatitis B vaccinations are available to the public? |
True |
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Once infected with HIV a person can __________. |
Pass on the virus without having any symptoms. |
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The lymphoreticular system provides storage for mature _________? |
Lymphocytes |
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What is an example of a retrovirus and what does it do? |
HIV, it uses the reproductive processes of the host cell to duplicate itself. |
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HIV is difficult to destroy once _____________. |
It locks itself into T cells in the bloodstream. |
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ARC is _______ of HIV. |
Stage 2 |
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Before and after servicing a client, barbers should? |
Wash their hands with an antibacterial soap. |
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What should you do if you cut, nick, or scrape yourself? |
Treat the wound immediately and cover it. |
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The fungi classification includes what? |
Mold, rust, and yeast. |
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What is Natural Immunity?
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The natural resistance to disease that is partially inherited and partially developed through hygienic living |
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What is acquired immunity? |
Immunity that comes from overcoming disease |
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What is a human disease carrier? |
Someone who is immune to a disease but can infect others. |
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Stage 3 of HIV infection is _______? |
Full blown AIDS |
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What virus attaches itself to special molecules on T Cells? |
HIV |
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How is the spread of contagious diseases minimized? |
Through the implementation of infection control measures. |
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___________ are not responsible for regulating the practice of barbering. |
Barbershop owners |
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What is the EPA responsible for? |
The development and enforcement of the regulations of environmental laws in an effort to protect human health and the environment. |
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What is the FDA responsible for? |
The enforcement of rules and regulations associated with foods, drugs, and cosmetics purchased and used by the public |
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What is one of the cosmetic preparations typically used in the barbershop? |
Hairspray |
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What kind of products are not required to display a list of ingredients on the label? |
Professional |
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What is OSHA? |
A bill passed in 1970 to assure, regulate, and enforce safe and healthful working conditions in the workplace. |
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What standard helps protect employees from being at risk from cross-infection? |
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
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What does the Hazard Communication Rule include requirements for? |
Chemical manufacturers and importers. |
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What are MSDSs and where can you find them? |
Material Safety Data Sheets, they are available from the product manufacturer. |
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What does the labeling refer to? |
Listing the ingredients and the appropriate hazard warning on the packaging of the product. |
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What law requires employers to maintain Material Safety Data Sheets and have them available upon request? |
The Right-to-Know law |
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What protects the health, safety, and welfare of consumers while they receive services in the barbershop? |
State regulatory agencies |
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What is the key to effective infection control in a barbershop and who is primarily responsible for it? |
The prevention of the transmission of microorganisms is primarily the responsibility of barbershop personnel. |
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What is decontamination? |
The removal of pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces. |
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What is the lowest level of decontamination?
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Sanitation or cleaning |
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What does sanitation or cleaning involve? |
Washing with soaps or detergents |
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What is the highest level of effective decontamination? |
Sterilization |
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What are disinfectants?
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Prepared chemical substances used to destroy harmful microorganisms.
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What is public sanitation? |
The application of measures to promote public health and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. |
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What are chemical and physical agents used for? |
To decontaminate barbering tools and shop surfaces. |
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What are some examples of a physical decontamination agent? |
Steam, electric UV santizer |
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What are antiseptics? |
Substances that may kill, retard, or prevent the growth of bacteria and can generally be used safely on the skin. |
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The chemical agents that are used to destroy most bacteria and some viruses are called? |
Disinfectants |
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A 2%-5% solution of __________ is used as an antiseptic? |
Boric acid |
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Immersing implements with sharp cuting edges in bleach for a minimum of 10 minutes serves to ________ them. |
Disinfect |
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What government group is responsible for approving all disinfectants? |
The EPA |
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What kind of products have a limited level of disinfection efficacy? |
Products that will kill either the staphylococcus or salmonella organisms, but not both. |
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What is the highest level of disinfection? |
Hospital-grade tuberculocidal |
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Most _____ solutions disinfect implements in 10-15 minutes. |
Quat |
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Rubber and plastic materials should be used with care because they may become softened or discolored with continued _____ use. |
Phenol |
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______ disinfectants include pine oil. |
Phenol |
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A 50-60% _______ alcohol solution may be used on the skin as an antiseptic. |
Isopropyl |
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H-42 Disinfectant and _____ are multipurpose formulations that can be used on surfaces and implements. |
Barbicide |
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What are the 4 functions that commercial prepared products perform? |
Cleaning, Disinfection, Lubrication, and/or Cooling |
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Dilute ____ with water to achieve the required strength. |
Concentrates |
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A solute is _______. |
The substance that is dissolved. |
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The percentage of solute is indicated by the _____ of the solution. |
Strength |
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What are ultraviolet-ray sanitizers?
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Metal cabinets that are used to store disinfected tools and implements. |
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What is a cabinet sanitizer? |
An airtight cabinet containing an active fumigant such as formalin. |
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What should you do after using a wet sanitizer for the recommended about of time and rising the implements? |
Dry them with a clean towel. |
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To disinfect clippers, pour blade wash into a ______ container.
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Glass, plastic, or disposable.
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When should work surfaces be disinfected with an EPA-registered, hospital-grade turberculocidal disinfectant? |
Before and after each client |
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What government agency developed standard precautions that cover bodily fluids and body sites? |
The CDC |
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When is Blood-spill disinfection required? |
When a client sustains a cut during a service. |
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When should you change a chemical solution? |
When it becomes dirty, contaminated, or cloudy. |
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What is the ideal temperature for a barbershop? |
70 degrees |
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When should used implements be cleaned and disinfected? |
Immediately after use. |
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What should you do if a client is cut during a service procedure? |
Inform the client. |
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Well-tempered metal implements and electric tools will provide years of dependable service ________. |
When taken care of properly |
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Depending on ____________ comb selection will vary. |
The type of service |
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What are wide-toothed combs preferred for? |
Detangling or chemical processing |
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What are taper combs used for? |
Areas where a gradual blending of the hair is required. |
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What is a pick comb used for? |
Combing through tight curl patterns. |
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When should combs be disinfected? |
Before serving each client |
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When should you use a black comb? |
Cutting blond hair |
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What material is not commonly used for brush bristles? |
Plastic |
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What type of shears contain a brace for the little finger? |
French Style |
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The shear's main part should not include ___. |
grind |
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A shear measuring 7 inches using the German method will be ___ using the Japanese method. |
6-5 inches |
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What is the grind? |
The inside construction of a blade and the way it is cut in preparation for sharpening or polishing. |
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What is a beveled edge?
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When there is an angel on the cutting surface of the blade. |
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The outside of a ________ blade edge has a clamshell or half0moon shape.
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Convex Blade
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Thinning shears are also called _____ shears. |
Blending |
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The ring finger is inserted into the finger grip of the still blade and the little finger ____. |
rests on the finger brace |
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What should you do after combing the section of hair into position for cutting? |
Transfer the comb to the opposite hand and palm it. |
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To check the tension of the shears, hold the shears ____. |
horizontally by the thumb grip |
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What is the first step in cleaning shears?
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Wiping har from under the tension screw |
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What tool is essential for finish and detail work? |
Trimmers |
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What are the visible parts of an electric clippers? |
The cutting blade, the still blade, heel, swtich, set or power screw, and conducting cord. |
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Compared to magnetic clippers, pivot motor clippers produce _______ the number of blade strokes. |
Twice |
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A trimmer is another name for a _______. |
Outliner |
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Carbon steel is used to make ______. |
Clipper blades |
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What blade produces the closest cut? |
The 0000 blade. |
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What do clipper guards do? |
They allow the hair to be left longer. |
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To cut the hair to 3/8" long use _____ clipper blades. |
3 1/2" |
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It is recommended that blades be ____ before, during (as needed), and after each use. |
Oiled |
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The grease chamber should be kept about 2/3 full when using _____ clippers. |
Rotary motor |
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Razors are used for what services? |
Facial shaves, neck shaves, and behind-the-ear areas |
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What maintains the cutting edge on the conventional straight razor? |
Honing and stopping |
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What is the most popular straight razor in barbering? |
The changeable-blade |
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What does razor balance refer to? |
The weight and length of the blade relative to that of the handle |
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Razor grind refers to the _____. |
Shape of the blade |
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The style of a razor indicates _____. |
Its shape and design |
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What should you do after using a razor? |
Clean, strop, and apply a little oil to the cutting edge |
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A ____ hone is gray or brown in color. |
Water |
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What type of hone is a natural hone cut from rock formations? |
Belgian |
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What type of hones are used by most barbers? |
Combination |
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What is a canvas stop made out of? |
Linen |
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What type of stop is considered one of the best? |
The Russian |
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What does stop dressing do? |
Clean the leather stop, preserves its finish, and also improves its draw and sharpening qualities. |
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The _____ position when honing a razor involves placing the razor ont he upper far left corner of the hone on its back.
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The first |
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What should you do to correct an over-honed edge? |
Draw the razor backward in a diagonal line across the hone. |
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When _________ attach the strop to the arm of the barber chair. |
stopping the razor |
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What are lather receptacles? |
Containers used to hold or dispense lather for shaving. |
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What size of lather brush is favored by most barbers? |
#3 |
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How do you perform freestyle drying? |
Moving the dryer back and forth sideways allowing the hair to fall naturally into place. |
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What is the main function of the galvanic machine? |
Introduce water-soluble products into the skin during a facial. |
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What is the comedone extractor? |
A metallic implement with a screwed attachment at each end used to press out blackheads |
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Anatomy is the study of what? |
The shape and structure of an organism's body and the relationship of one body part to another. |
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What is used in the practice of barbering that might affect physiological activities of the body? |
Massage manipulations, heat, and absorptive products |
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Barbers are particularly concerned with the histology of the skin and the _____. |
Hair, nails, and sweat glands. |
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What are cells? |
The basic units of structure and function of all living things. |
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What is the most important organelle within the cell? |
The nucleus |
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Where is the protoplasm located? |
In the nucleus and cytoplasm |
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During mitosis, cells divide into _____ daughter cell(s). |
Two |
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What is anabolism? |
The constructive metabolism that builds up cellular tissues. |
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What happens during catabolism? |
The cells consume what they have absorbed in order to release the energy needed to perform specialized functions. |
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What are the five main types of tissue? |
Muscular, liquid, nerve, connective, epithelial |
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What does liquid tissue do? |
Carries food and wast products through the body. |
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What does muscular tissue do? |
Contracts and moves various parts of the body |
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Empithelial tissue is ____ |
a protective covering on the body surfaces |
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What do the kidneys do? |
Excrete water and other waste products |
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What are groups of organs that act together to perform one or more functions within the body called? |
Systems |
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What does the excretory system do? |
Purifies the body by the elimination of waste matter. |
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What does the circulatory system consists of? |
The heart and blood vessels |
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What does the endocrine system consist of? |
Specialized glands |
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Bone is composed of 1/3 ____ and 2/3 minerals. |
Animal matter |
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What is the pelvis? |
An immovable joint |
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What is the occipital bone? |
The hindmost bone of the skull |
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What is the ethmoid bone? |
the light, spongy bone between the eye sockets |
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The vomer is a ______ as opposed to a pair. |
Single |
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What bones form the prominence of the cheeks? |
The two zygomatic bones |
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What bones form the whole upper jaw? |
The two maxillary bones |
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What is the thorax? |
The chest |
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Where is the humerus located? |
The arm |
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What is the ulna? |
The inner and larger bone of the forearm. |
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Each _____ contains three phalanges. |
Finger |
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What is myology? |
The study of muscles. |
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The muscular system relies upon the ____ systems for its activities and proper operation. |
skeletal and nervous |
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What muscles are controlled by will? |
Striated |
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Where are non-striated muscles found? |
the stomach |
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The insertion of a muscle refers to _____. |
the more movable attachment |
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What kind of muscles are attached to bones? |
Skeletal |
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The center of a muscle is called the _____. |
belly |
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________ stimulate(s) muscular tissue. |
Chemicals |
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What does the epicranius do? |
covers the top of the skull |
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What is the corrugator muscle located? |
The eyebrow |
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Where is the procerus located? |
the nose |
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What does the buccinator do? |
Compresses the cheeks and expels the air between the lips. |
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What does the mentalis cause? |
wrinkling in the chin |
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What does the auricularis posterior do? |
Draws the ear backward |
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What is the plastysma? |
The broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin. |
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Where are the adductor muscles located? |
In the hand |
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What does the nervous system do? |
Controls and coordinates the functions of all the other systems. |
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Spinal nerves, spinal cord, and brain make up the _________ system |
Cerebrospinal Nervous |
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Sensory and motor nerve fibers make up the _______ system. |
Peripheral nervous |
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What does the brain control? |
sensation, muscles, and glandular activity |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are distributed to the muscles and skin of the trunk and limbs? |
31 |
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What do axons do? |
Carry impulses away from the cell body to the muscles and organs |
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Nerves are long, white cords made up of...? |
Bundles of nerve fibers
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The cranial nerves contain _____ fibers. |
Motor and sensory |
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What nerve affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose? |
Supratrochlear nerve |
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What nerve affects the external ear? |
The auriculotemporal nerve |
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What nerve affects the external ears and the areas in the front and back of the ears? |
The greater auricular cervical ear |
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What is the normal resting heart beat for an adult? |
77 to 80 beats a minute |
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What do veins carry ________ back to the heart |
deoxygenated blood |
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What do white blood cells do? |
Protect the body from disease |
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What artery supplies the side of the nose.
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The angular |
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The _____ artery is an important branch of the superficial temporal artery. |
Fontal |
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What type of breathing involves the ribs and the diaphragm |
Abdominal |
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In the barbershop, chemicals are used for: |
Permanent hair change, disinfection, and cleaning |
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Gasoline, synthetic fiber, and plastic are all ______ substances. |
Organic |
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What state of matter is ice and example of? |
Solid |
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True or False: Energy is not matter. |
True |
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There are 117 known elements, ____ of which occur naturally on Earth. |
94 |
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Name the parts of an atom. |
Protons, neutrons, electrons |
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What are elemental molecules? |
Chemical combinations of two or more atoms of the same element.
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Burning wood is an example of __________. |
energy |
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The density of a substance refers to its ___. |
Weight divided by its volume. |
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Ice melting is an example of a ______. |
Physical change |
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What is a physical mixture? |
a physical combination of matter in any proportions |
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Is water considered an example of a physical mixture? |
No |
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What are oxides? |
Compounds of any element combined with oxygen. |
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What are bases? |
Compounds of hydrogen, metal, and oxygen. |
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What is the most abundant chemical on earth? |
Water |
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How do you destroy microbes? |
Boil water |
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What can be used to determine the hardness of water? |
A soap solution |
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What type of water is the best choice for use in a barbershop? |
Soft |
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Hard water contains mineral substances that ____ soap. |
Curdle or precipitate |
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What do the letters pH denote?
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Potential hydrogen |
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pH is the relative degree of _____ of a substance. |
acidity or alkalinity |
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What is ionization? |
The separation of a substance into ions that have opposite electrical charges. |
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What is an anion? |
A negatively charged ion |
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When _____ molecules ionize, the hydrogen ion is acidic and the hydroxide ion is alkaline. |
water |
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The pH values are arranged on a scale ranging from ___ to 14. |
0 |
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A pH of 8 is 10 times more alkaline than a pH of ____. |
7 |
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What is the pH range of hair and skin? |
5 |
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Another term for a base is ___/
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alkali |
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What creates an acid-alkali neutralization reaction? |
Acid-balanced shampoos and normalizing lotions associated with hydroxide hair relaxers |
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Slow oxidation occurs in ____. |
Oxidation haircolors and permanent wave neutralizers |
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In a(n) ______ reaction, the oxidizer is always reduced and the reducing agent is always oxidized. |
redox |
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Powders consist of a uniform mixture of ____ that have been properly blended, perfumed, and/or tinted. |
insoluble substances
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What are suspensions? |
uniform mixtures of two or more substances |
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A solvent is usually a _____ and dissolves the solute to form a solution.
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liquid |
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What is a universal solvent?
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Water |
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Solutions containing volatile substances such as ____ should be stored in a cool place. |
ammonia and alcohol |
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A saturated solution will not _____ |
dissolve or take up more solute than it already holds |
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What is an emulsion? |
A suspension of one liquid in another. |
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What are the two distinct parts of a surfactant molecule? |
the hydrophilic and the lipophilic |
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What is the hydrophilic of a surfactant molecule?
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The head |
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What is the lipophilic of a surfactant molecule? |
the tail |
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What end of a surfactant molecule is attracted to water? |
the hydrophilic |
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What end of a surfactant molecule is attracted to oil?
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The lipophilic |
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What type of soaps are designed to treat skin problems such as rashes, pimples and acne? |
Medicated |
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What should you use to harden the cuticle of the hair shaft? |
an acidic solution |
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Liquid cream shampoos are usually fairly thick liquids that contain ____. |
either soap or soap jelly |
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Clarifying shampoos should only be used when ____. |
buildup is evident |
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What are conditioners? |
Special chemical agents that are applied to hair to deposit protein or moisture, restore hair strength and body, or protect against possible damage. |
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What are synthetic polymer conditioners? |
special formulations for use on badly damaged hair |
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Oil mixture tonics contain considerable amounts of alcohol with a(n) _____. |
small portion of oil floating on the top |
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Styling aids include ____. |
gels and mousses |
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What is alum? |
An aluminum potassium or ammonium sulphate supplied in the form of crystals or powder. |
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What is Glycerin?
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The sweet, colorless, and odorless substance formed by the decomposition of oils, fats, or fatty acids. |
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Sodium carbonate absorbs _____. |
water from the air |
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The directional flow of electrons between _____ creates a form of energy called electricity. |
atoms |
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The flow of electricity along a(n) _____ is an electric current. |
conductor |
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Good conductors include watery solutions of acids and _____. |
salts |
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An example of a good insulator is ____. |
cement |
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What is a complete circuit? |
The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source. |
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A direct current is used by _____. |
battery-operated instruments |
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Alternating current is used by _____. |
Electric clippers |
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A rectifier might be used by ____. |
rechargeable cordless clippers |
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A weak current indicates low ____. |
voltage |
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What is an ampere?
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The standard unit for measuring the strength of an electric current. |
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An ohm is used to measure the ___ of the current. |
Resistance |
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A bulb that uses 40 watts of energy per second is a _____ watt bulb. |
400 |
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When the wire _____, a safety device called a fuse blows. |
becomes too hot from overloading the circuit |
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What do circuit breakers do? |
Supply the same safety control as fuses. |
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What is an electric field? |
the influence that a charged body has on the space around it |
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Electrodes are commonly made of what substance? |
metal |
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Careful attention to electrical safety helps to eliminate accidental ______. |
Shock, burns, and fire |
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What is a cathode? |
a negative electrode |
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How do you determine the negative electrode? |
Place the tips of two conducting cords on two separate pieces of blue moistened litmus paper. |
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What are the four main current modalities? |
galvanic, sinusoidal, faradic and tesla high-frequency |
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To soften tissues, use ____. |
Negative polarity galvanic current |
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Anaphoresis forces _____ into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole. |
liquids |
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A benefit of the _____ current is increased blood circulation. |
faradic |
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The ____ electrode is flat for Tesla high-frequency current. |
facial |
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What three things do light waves produce? |
Heat, chemical reactions, or germicidal effects |
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65% of natural sunlight at the earth's surface is _____. |
invisible |
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What color light contains few heat rays? |
blue |
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What color light produces the most heat? |
Red |
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UVB rays are the ____ rays int he middle of the UV range. |
therapeutic |
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Do infrared rays produce light? |
No, only a rosy glow when active. |
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What is dermatology?
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The study of diseases of the skin, skin function, and skin structure. |
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What kind of texture does healthy skin have? |
smooth |
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What does slight acidity of the skin indicate? |
good health |
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The skin is constructed of two clearly defined divisions: |
The epidermis ad the dermis |
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The strata are the layers of the _____. |
epidermis |
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The stratum corneum consists of: |
Tightly packed cells that are continually shed and replaced by cells coming to the surface from the underlying layers. |
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The stratum granulosum consists of cells that look like _____. |
distinct granules |
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The stratum spinosum is a sub-layer that lies above the ____ and beneath the granulosum. |
basal strata |
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The ____ is also called the true skin. |
dermis |
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The ____ is 25 times thicker than the epidermis. |
dermis |
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Papillae contain small structures called ____ with nerve fiber endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure. |
tactile corpuscles |
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Hair follicles are found in the ____ layer of the dermis. |
reticular |
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What does the reticular layer do?
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supplies the sking with oxygen and nutrients. |
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What does the subcutaneous tissue do? |
gives smoothness and contour to the body |
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Essential materials for growth, nourishment, and repair of the skin are supplied by lymph and ____. |
blood |
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Networks of arteries and lymphatics in the ____ send their smaller branches to hair papillae, hair follicles, and skin glands. |
subcutaneous tissue |
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The sweat and ___ glands of the skin contain secretory nerve fibers. |
oil |
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What do sensory nerve fibers do? |
send messages to the brain |
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What type of nerve fibers are distributed to the arrector pili muscles? |
motor |
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The nerve endings that provide the body with ____ are found in the papillary layer |
the sense of touch |
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What does elastin provide for the skin? |
elasticity and flexibillity |
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What is the primary source of skin color? |
melanin |
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______ is produced by melanosomes.
|
Melanin |
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Sudoriferous glands are also known as ____ glands |
sweat |
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Sweat glands consist of a coiled base and a tube-like duct that terminates at the skin surface to form the _______. |
sweat pore |
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What does sebum do? |
lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair |
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A blackhead is formed when _____ becomes hardened and the duct becomes blocked. |
sebum |
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One of the principles functions of the skin is ____. |
protection |
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Hypertrophies include ____ on the face or scalp. |
moles and warts |
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______ symptoms include burning. |
subjective |
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Apply medicinal preparations as directed by _____. |
a physician |
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What is an allergy? |
A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to normally harmless substances. |
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A contraindication is any condition or disease that makes a treatment or medication _____. |
inadvisable |
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What is an occupational disease? |
a disease that results from contact associated with employment |
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What is a congenital disease? |
a disease that exists at birth. |
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Ringworm is a _______ disease. |
parasitic
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A seasonal disease is ____. |
influenced by the weather |
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What are the three types of lesions?
|
primary, secondary, and tertiary |
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What kind of lesion is a tumor?
|
primary |
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What kind of lesion is an ulcer? |
depressed |
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Poison ivy and oak may produce ____. |
vesicles |
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An excoriation may be formed by a ____. |
scrape |
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Chapped lips are an example of a ______. |
fissure |
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A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue is called: |
keloid
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A small spot or blemish on the skin ranging in color from pale tan to brown to blueish black is called: |
a mole
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Lentiaines is the technical term for: |
freckles |
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Nevus is the technical term for: |
a birthmark |
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Anthrax is an inflammatory ____ skin disease characterized by the presence of a small, red-brown papule, followed by the formation of a pustule, vesicle, and hard swelling. |
bacterial |
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Herpes simplex is a recurring ____ infection that produces fever blisters. |
viral |
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Triggering factors for acne include: |
heredity, hormones, and stress |
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Grade ____ acne involves many closed comedones, increased numbers of open comedones, and increased numbers of papules and pustules. |
II |
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Comedones appear frequently on the: |
face, forehead, and nose |
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____, dilation of the blood vessels, and the formation of papules and pustules characterizes rosacea. |
redness |
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The steatoma is a sebaceous cyst or ____ that is filled with sebum. |
fatty tumor |
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Exposure to excessive ____ may cause miliaria rubra. |
heat |
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What is the most common type of skin cancer? |
basal cell carcinoma
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Scaly red papules or nodules indicate:
|
squamus cell carcinoma |
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A well-balanced diet consists of ____ basic food groups. |
Three |
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Vitamin C is important for: |
skin and tissue repair |
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Vitamin E helps to:
|
fight against the harmful effects of sunlight |
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Trichos is the Greek word for: |
hair |
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Adornment is a function of: |
hair
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Hair and nails are composed of ____ protein. |
keratin |
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The main structures of the hair root are the follicle, bulb, dermal papilla, _____, and arrector pili muscle |
sebaceous glands |
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The fewest number of hair follicles are found on the:
|
palms of the hands and soles of the feet. |
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Each hair grows from a single _____ and may share the _____ with another. |
follicle |
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The mouths of hair follicles are _____. |
funnel shaped |
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The dermal papilla is covered by the: |
lower part of the hair bulb |
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The dermal papilla is responsible for: |
new hair growth
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A common form of oily dandruff is caused by: |
the overproduction of sebum |
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Sebum production is affected by: |
emotional disturbances |
