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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inflammation |
- first response - WBCs are released to prevent ad fight infection - platelets help with homeostasis and clotting - proteins nourish tissues - inflammation happens within seconds after the wound occurs - lasts 3-5 days |
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Debridement |
-occurs minute to 6 hours after wound occurs - dead skin falls off or is cleaned up - fibrinogen and platelets clot to prevent bleeding and continue homeostasis - neutrophils enter the wound to clean up debris and bacteria |
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Repair |
- happens hours to days after wound occurs - collagen forms scabs 6 hours to 3 days after initial trauma - wound healing is characterized by formation of blood vessels, granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and wound contraction - extracellular matrix is formed |
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Late Repair |
- granulation phase - vascular tissue arises from within the wound - new pink tissue 4-6 days after initial trauma - if granulation is not forming properly, manual debridement may be necessary |
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Maturation |
- long term development - may take weeks to years - collagen fibers remodel and align - if scar tissue doesn't disappear, it will be covered with a thin epithelial film |
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Wound Classification |
- clean - clean-contaminated - contaminated - dirty |
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Clean Wound |
- surgical wounds - elective incisions - highly vascular tissues not predisposed to infection |
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Clean-Contaminated Wound |
- minor contamination evident - surgical wounds with minor break in antiseptic technique - elective surgery in tissues with normal resident bacterial flora - no spillage of organ contents |
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Contaminated Wound |
- surgical wounds - elective incisions - highly vascular tissues not predisposed to infection |
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Dirty Wound |
- grossly contaminated or infected - contaminated traumatic wounds more than 4 hours old - perforated viscera, abscess, necrotic tissue, foreign material |
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Types of Wound Closures |
- primary closure - nonclosure - delayed primary closure - secondary closure - adnexal reepithelialization |
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Types of Wound Healing |
- first-intention healing - second-intention healing - third-intention healing |
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Primary Intention with Wound Healing |
- for fresh clean wounds - cleans the wound edges |
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Delayed Primary Closure |
- for older than 6-8 hours, infected or necrotic wounds - left as an open wound for 2-3 days and then surgically repaired |
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Secondary Closure |
- also known as third-intention wound healing - for wounds older than 6-8 hours or failed primary wound closures - skin will be allowed to granulate and then it will be sutured |
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Second-Intention Wound Healing |
- for wounds older than 6-8 hours, with infected or necrotic tissue - wound is allowed to heal on its own - can take a long time and lead to scarring |
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Wound Management |
- always wear gloves to protect further contamination - remove foreign debris and contamination - shave wound - lavage wound - debride nonviable tissue - manage drainage - protect wound |
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Five Indications for the Use of a Drain |
- treatment of an abscess cavity - when foreign material and nonviable tissue are present and cannot be excised - when contamination is inevitable - to obliterate dead space - as prophylaxis against anticipated fluid or air collection after a surgical procedure |
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Functions of Bandages |
- protects wounds - holds clean or sterile dressing in place - absorbs leakage and debrides wound - serves as a vehicle for therapeutic agents - serves as an indicator of wound separations - secures splints - provides support for bony anatomic structures - supports and stabilizes soft tissue |
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Functions of Bandages (cont) |
- prevents weight bearing - provides compression to control hemorrhage, dead space, and tissue edema - discourages self-grooming - restricts motion to eliminate stress of wound edges - provides patient comfort - provides and aesthetic appearance |
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Layers of a Bandage |
- primary: has primary contact with wound - secondary: absorbs and holds exudate if present provides immobilization and support - tertiary: outer layer keeps other layers in place |
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Types of Primary Bandage Layers |
- hypertonic/hyperosmolar - adherent - wet to dry - nonadherent semi-occlusive - hydrophilic - nonadherent occlusive - gel or cream form - maintains moist environment - nonadherent nonocclusive - telfa pads |
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Types of Secondary Bandages Layers |
- padding - cast padding - rolled cotton - cotton wrap |
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Types of Tertiary Bandage Layers |
- conforming gauze - Kling - nonocclusive elastic bandage - VetWrap - nonocclusive elastic adhesive tape - Elastikon |
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Steps to Bandaging |
* if wrapping limb, trim nails first - apply stirrups - apply primary layer - telfa pad - gauze - apply secondary layer - padding - reflect, twist and adhere stirrups to secondary layer - apply splint if needed and secure with tape or gauze - apply tertiary layer |
