Bah Oral Innate Immunity

Front 1

What are the antibacterial substances in oral secretions that contribute to innate immunity?

Back 1

Lysozyme and Lactoferrin
(also low pH of the stomach for that region)

Front 2

What is the most important component in the innate immunity realm according to Dr. Weinberg?

Back 2

Alternate Complement Pathway

Front 3

Where are TLRs located?

Back 3

Found on all cells, especially epithelial cells

Front 4

What are some PAMPs that TLRs recognize?

Back 4

1. LPS
2. Peptidoglycan
3. Lipoteichoic acid
4. Flagella
5. Mannans
6. Bacterial DNA
7. Glucans

Front 5

What TLR recognizes peptidoglycan and lipoprotein?

Back 5

TLR-2

Front 6

What TLR recognizes LPS?

Back 6

TLR-4

Front 7

What TLR recognizes bacterial DNA?

Back 7

TLR-9

Front 8

What TLR recognizes Bacterial Flagella?

Back 8

TLR-5

Front 9

What does the transcription factor NF-kB do?

Back 9

NF-kB activates genes for inflammation reaction

Front 10

Does TLR-2 work alone?

Back 10

No it dimerizes with TLR-1 or TLR-6

Front 11

What happens when TLR-2 binds to its ligand?

Back 11

Activates pathway leading to NK-kB

Front 12

How is NF-kB activated?

Back 12

a) TLR-2 binds its ligand
b) I-kB binds to NF-kB constantly in the cytoplasm
c) I-kB kinase cleaves off I-kB
d) NF-kB is activated and enters the nucleus to act as a transcription factor.

Front 13

What is only associated with epithelial cells, protects against candida albicans, is expressed in macrophages and lymphocytes?

Back 13

Dectin-1

Front 14

What type of cells in Dectin-1 only associated with?

Back 14

Epithelial cells

Front 15

What is this sequence for?
1. Infection
2. Recognition by preformed, nonspecific effectors
3. Removal of infectious agent

Back 15

Innate immunity

Front 16

What is this sequence for?

1. Infection
2. Recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns
3. Inflammation recruitment and activation of effector cells
4. Removal of infectious agent

Back 16

Early Induced response

Front 17

What is this sequence for?

1) Infection
2) Transport of antigen to lymphoid organs
3) Recognition by naive B and T cells
4) Clonal expansion and differentiation to effector cells
5) Removal of infectious agent

Back 17

Adaptive Immune Response

Front 18

Where is a natural gradient of IL-8 located in the body?

Back 18

The oral cavity

Anywhere else would be considered a sign of infection but this chemokine is normal here

Front 19

What are dendritic cells in the oral cavity called?

Back 19

Langerhans cells

Front 20

What is the bacteria in your saliva that is the Good Guy, which antagonizes the bad guys like A.A.?

Back 20

Streptococcus Sanguis

Front 21

T/F
Streptococcus Mutans has bacteriocin that can kill AA

Back 21

True

Front 22

What does EAP stand for?

Back 22

Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptide

Front 23

What has the ability to cross talk with cells in the adaptive immunity system, can cause chemo-attraction activating APCs, and can activate Langerhans cells bringing in lymphocytes?

Back 23

EAPs

Front 24

What are the different layers in the oral mucosal strategy?

Back 24

1. Fluid phase defense
2. Static phase defense
3. Recruitable defense

Front 25

What has antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties in saliva?

Back 25

Defensins

Front 26

What salivary factor binds bacteria, neutralizes and inactivates viral particles?

Back 26

Antibodies

Front 27

What salivary factor performs general antimicrobial activity and inhibit cysteine proteases

Back 27

Cystatins

Front 28

What salivary factor performs general antimicrobial activityl carry out charge mediated disruption of bacterial membranes?

Back 28

Defensins

Front 29

What salivary factor serves as an antifungal?

Back 29

Histatins

Front 30

What salivary factor binds iron to inhibit bacterial growth?

Back 30

Lactoferrin

Front 31

What salivary factor lyses bacteria?

Back 31

Lysozyme

Front 32

What salivary factor entraps and aggregates microbial particles?

Back 32

Mucins

Front 33

What salivary factor Binds bacteria?

Back 33

Proline Rich Peptides and Statherin

Front 34

What oral organisms need iron to survive?

Back 34

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Lactoferrin binds iron needed by PG

Front 35

What salivary factor is very important against candidias?

Back 35

Histatins

Front 36

What salivary factor causes transglycolization (cleavage) of the peptidoglycan cytoskeleton of the organism (NAM-NAG)

Back 36

Lysozyme

Front 37

What salivary factor is anionic (can bind to cationic agents), can carry stuff electrostatically and bring these agents to the site better than if it wasn't there?

Back 37

Mucins

Front 38

What are mucins made up of?

Back 38

Made up of Glycoproteins

Front 39

What gives the mucin molecule its net negative charge?

Back 39

Sialic Acid

Front 40

What protects the underlying mucosa and tooth surfaces from chemical and physical harm and is important in formation of biofilm?

Back 40

Mucins

Front 41

What mucin comes from mucous acini?

Back 41

MG1

Front 42

What mucin comes from serous acinar cells?

Back 42

MG2

Front 43

Which mucin type plays a major role in pellicle formation?

Back 43

MG1

Front 44

Which mucin is often thought to be more important in bacterial clearance?

Back 44

MG2

Front 45

Where is MG1 and MG2 located in the pellicle?

Back 45

MG2 covers outer layers
MG1 is more inside

Paper is wrong

Front 46

Why is pellicle formation so important?

Back 46

Colonization of first line of bacteria --- the good guys

Front 47

Which mucin prevents bacterial colonization of the pellicle coated tooth by presenting identical surface carbohydrates in the fluid phase?

Back 47

MG2

Front 48

Which mucin acts as a decoy for bacterial colonization?

Back 48

MG2

Front 49

What cleaves beta-1,4 linkages between NAM-NAG in bacterial wall peptidoglycan?

Back 49

Lysozyme

Front 50

Where does lysozyme come from?

Back 50

Myeloid cells (neutrophils) and glandular epithelium

Front 51

How do lysozymes affect invaders?

Back 51

It is a cationic protein that binds to anionicly charged membranes then defensins create holes in the membrane. Cleaves beta-1,4 link in NAM-NAG in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan

Front 52

What blocks growth of iron dependent organisms like candida albicans and PG?

Back 52

Lactoferrin

Front 53

What serous secretion in the mouth catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxides to water and hypothiocyanite?

Back 53

Salivary peroxidases

Front 54

Why don't we get ulceration of the gingiva?

Back 54

because of salivary peroxidases

Front 55

What is the most important antifungal agent in saliva?

Back 55

Histatins

Front 56

Why does Denture Stomatitis occur?

Back 56

Dentures cover palate and prevent access of parotid saliva, which contains Histatins.

Basically histatins can't get to the fungus

Front 57

How does Statherin in saliva affect invaders?

Back 57

Like PRPs it maintains salivary calcium phosphate in a supersaturates state

INVOLVED IN MICROBIAL ATTACHMENT (like anchoring proteins found in the pellicle that bacteria know to bind to)

Front 58

What are two components of serous saliva that are important in dictating microbial attachment to the acquired pellicle?

Back 58

Proline-rich proteins and Statherin

Front 59

Why does strep sauga not bind in solution, but it will bind to teeth (pleomorphism)?

Back 59

PRPs and Statherin are important in microbial attachment

Front 60

What are the components of Serous secretions that contribute to adaptive immunity?

Back 60

Secretory IgA

Front 61

What are the components of Serous secretions that contribute to innate immunity?

Back 61

Lysozyme
Histatins
Salivary Peroxidase
Lactoferrin
Cystatins
PRPs
Calprotectin

Front 62

What are the major anchoring proteins in the pellicle for the early colonizers?

Back 62

Statherin and PRPs

Front 63

Everything that is directly attached to the pellicle is a ______________.

Back 63

Streptococcus organism

Front 64

What is the primary organism that attaches to the pellicle?

Back 64

S. Sanguis

Front 65

T/F
F. Nucleatum is pathogenic

Back 65

False
He is a good guy who can bind tissue and teeth. He has the moost receptors and adhesions of any organism known.

Front 66

What is the bridging organism between the early and late colonizers?

Back 66

F. Nucleatum

(note that it is right in the middle)

Front 67

Are the late colonizers good guys or bad guys?

Back 67

BAD GUYS
(AA and PG)

Front 68

What organism is the host of enzymes that can break down the periodontium?

Back 68

P gingivalis

Front 69

What is the most important enzyme that p. gingivalis releases?

Back 69

gingipain a cysteine protease that can break down tissue very well

Front 70

Which organism leads to adult periodontitis?

Back 70

p. gingivalis

Front 71

Which organism leads to Juvenile Periodontitis?

Back 71

Actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B (kills WBCs)

Front 72

What part of the saliva is an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases?

Back 72

Cystatins (come from myeloid cells)

Front 73

Why does Cystatin C increase in saliva from periodontitis and gingivitis cases?

Back 73

Because there are more myeloid cells when these are occurring

Front 74

What very important microbial-derived cysteine proteinases do Cystatins neutralize?

Back 74

Gingipain (from p. gingivalis)

Front 75

Why is the mouth so healthy in spite of constant trauma occurring in a very septic environment?

Back 75

Maginin - an alpha helical protein that protects the site from the surrounding bacteria (found in frogs)

Front 76

Which hBD is constituatively expressed in all tisses?

Back 76

hBD-1

Front 77

T/F
FN can and will stimulate hBD-2 and PG cannot

Back 77

T

Front 78

What are the Cytien bonds in all defensins?

Back 78

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