Bah Bacteria You Ought To Know

Front 1

What shape are the S. Aureus Bacteriae?

Back 1

Cocci

Front 2

What does Aureus mean?

Back 2

Gold

Front 3

Where are S. aureus found?

Back 3

Everywhere
(commonly come from needle sticks)

Front 4

What type of infection is S. aureus, typically?

Back 4

Opportunistic infection because it is found everywhere
(takes advantage of weakened immune systems)

Front 5

What makes people feel sick when they have S. aureus infection?

Back 5

S. Aureus makes many toxins

Front 6

What are the special enzymes that S. Aureus makes that can be used for diagnosis?

Back 6

Coagulase- clots plasma (incubate bacteria with serum and if it clumps then it is coagulase positive)
Protein A- Antiphagocytic (protein A binds to Fc instead of Fab which prevents it from being recognized in macrophages)

Front 7

What are the different streptococcus species that we need to know?

Back 7

S. Pyogenes
S. Agalactiae
S. Pneumoniae
S. Mutans

Front 8

Which Streptococcal species cause meningitis?

Back 8

S. Agalactiae
S. Pneumoniae

Front 9

Which Streptococcal species causes Strep throat, impetigo, pyogenic infections, toxic shock, rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis?

Back 9

s. pyogenes

Front 10

Which Streptococcal species causes neonatal sepsis, meningitis, & pyogenic infections?

Back 10

S. agalactiae

Front 11

Which Streptococcal species causes meningitis, otitis media, and pyogenic infections?

Back 11

S. Pneumoniae

Front 12

Which Streptococcal species display β Hemolysis?

Back 12

s. pyogenes
s. agalactiae

Front 13

Which streptococcal species display α hemolysis?

Back 13

s. pneumoniae
s. mutans

Front 14

Which streptococcal bacteria has an A Lancefield Cell Wall?

Back 14

s. pyogenes

Front 15

Which streptococcal species has a B Lancefield Cell Wall?

Back 15

s. agalactiae

Front 16

What bacteria is Group A strep?

Back 16

s. pyogenes

Front 17

Which type of bacteria are Group B Strep?

Back 17

s. agalactiae

Front 18

Which Streptococcal bacteria are pyogenic?

Back 18

s. pyogenes
s. agalactiae
s. pneumonia

Front 19

Which Streptococcal species has an M protein (80+)?

Back 19

s. pyogenes

Front 20

Which Streptococcal species has a Choline-binding protein?

Back 20

s. pneumoniae

Front 21

Which streptococcal species has virulence factors that include M protein, leipoteichoic acid, streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins, streptolysin O, and streptokinase?

Back 21

s. pyogenes

Front 22

Which Streptococcal species has virulence factors that include its capsule, pneumolysin, and neuraminidase?

Back 22

s. pneumoniae

Front 23

Which type of bacteria are Group B Strep?

Back 23

s. agalactiae

Front 24

Hemolysis is a way to diagnose a bacterial infection by sticking the bacteria on a blood agar and seeing how wide the zone of lysis.
What do you see in α hemolysis?

Back 24

Narrow zone of partial hemolysis
Can see hemolysis, but it is not completely translucent

Front 25

Hemolysis is a way to diagnose a bacterial infection by sticking the bacteria on a blood agar and seeing how wide the zone of lysis.
What do you see in β hemolysis?

Back 25

Wide clear translucent zone of complete hemolysis around the colony.

Front 26

Which proteins play a factor in functional redundancy?

Back 26

1. Protein F
2. M protein
3. Pili

Front 27

What makes functional redundancy so important?

Back 27

Attachment is so critical that the bacteria should have more than one way to attach.

Front 28

Which bacteria are responsible for endodontic infections?

Back 28

E. faecalis (Enterococci)
and odontolyticus

Front 29

What properties make S. mutans cariogenic?

Back 29

See Chart

Front 30

What properties make S. mutans cariogenic?

Back 30

See Chart

Front 31

What are the shape of Neisseria?

Back 31

Dipplococci (kidney beans)

Front 32

What are the species if Veilonella?

Back 32

V parvula
V dispar
V atypica

Front 33

What are the beneficial gram negative cocci that we need to know?

Back 33

Genus Neisseria many species that are Commensile in the upper respiratory tract
V. parvula, V. dispar, V. atypica
○ More predominant in saliva and tongue surface
○ "beneficial bacteria"
Classified as this because it can increase the pH of the oral cavity
It protects against caries by metabolizing lactic acid to acetic and propionic acids
Lactic acid is more acidic than acetic and propionic acids
There is a higher number of these bacteria in periodontally healthy sites than diseased sites
○ However, there is a higher number in HIV patients with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
This bacteria is multifaceted

Front 34

Is the antigenic variation for N. gonococci based upon changing strains?

Back 34

No it is based up changing proteins it expresses.
Pilin or Opa recombines with other bacteria

Front 35

What occurs in antigenic variation for N. Gonococci that changes the Pilin gene?

Back 35

The chromosome contains multiple unlinked pilin genes, which are either expressions (pilE) or silent (pilS).
The expressing gene is transcribing a mature pilin protein subunit.
During chromosome replication, one of the pilS genes recombines with one of the pilE genes, donating some of its DNA.
The new daughter chromosome now produces an antigenic different pilin based on transcription of the donated sequences into protein.

Front 36

What happens for antigenic variation for N gonococci in the Opa genes?

Back 36

The chromosome contains multiple Opa genes.
Opa3 and Opa6 are "on" (producing protein), and the others are "off."
During chromosome replication, replicative slippage in the leader peptide causes a five-base sequence (CTCTT) to b repeated variable numbers of times.
Translation of the Opa will remain in-frame only if the number of added CTCTT nucleotides is evenly divisible by 3.

Front 37

What are observable in PMNs infected with Gonorrhea?

Back 37

Diploid cocci

Front 38

T/F
Patients with gonorrhea will not get it again after initial infection

Back 38

False
You cannot develop life-long antibodies against N Gonococci because of a method of antigenic variation unique to gonococci.

Front 39

Which Gram Positive Bacilli are spore forming?

Back 39

Bacillus & Clostridium

Front 40

Which Gram Positive bacteria are Facultative?

Back 40

Corynebacterium (+aerobic)
Bacillus (+aerobic)
Lactobacilli

Front 41

Which Gram Positive Bacilli are Microaerophilic?

Back 41

Actinomyces (+anaerobes)

Front 42

What are the different types of Mycobacteria?

Back 42

M tuberculosis
M leprae

Front 43

What are the components of the RED complex?

Back 43

□ Porphyromonas gingivalis
□ Tannerella forsythia (Bf)
□ Treponema denticola

Front 44

What are the three species of Yersina and which one does not cause diarrhea?

Back 44

Y pestis Bubonic plague not diarrhea
Y pseudotuberculosis
Y enterocolitica

Front 45

What are the two different types of salmonellosis?

Back 45

S. Enterica
S. Typhi

Front 46

What makes Salmonella Typhi worse?

Back 46

Invade & kill M cells and macrophages like S. enterica but persist in macrophage longer than E. enterica, so it can spread to other sites causing bacteremia.
You can pass this on through blood, stool, or urine for weeks.

Front 47

Where is typhoid fever most common?

Back 47

Developing countries and travelers in industrialized countries.

Front 48

Which Gram Negative Bacilli are pure pathogens?

Back 48

Shigella
Salmonella
Yersina

Front 49

Which Escheria Coli Pili is the common pili?

Back 49

Type 1 Pili binds to D-mannose, which is common on epithelial cells

Front 50

What are Escherichia coli's specialized pili?

Back 50

P pili binds to uroepithelial cells and erythrocytes
CFA/BFP binds to enterocytes

Front 51

What are the primary antigens used for serotyping?

Back 51

O = LPS; all have these
K = Kapsule; Many have these
H = Peritrichous FlaHgella; Mobile bacteria
(note:pili are NOT serotype factors)

Front 52

What is the Genera that is most virulent for humans for food-borne outbreaks?

Back 52

E Coli
O157:H7

Front 53

How do UTI via UPEC E Coli occur?

Back 53

P pili binds to uroepithelial cells
Bladder squeezes out bacteria, but P pili prevents E. coli from leaving

Front 54

How does Enteropathic E Coli invade the cell?

Back 54

See picture

Front 55

How does Shigella Spread?

Back 55

See picture

Front 56

Which E coli group does O157:H7 fall into?

Back 56

Hemorrhagic

Front 57

What is the most virulent strain of Vibrio?

Back 57

Vibrio Cholera

Front 58

Which bacteria produces the most dramatic watery diarrhea known?

Back 58

Vibrio Cholera

Front 59

Which serotypes cause Cholera?

Back 59

O1 & O139 cause cholera

Front 60

What is unique about the Cholera Toxin?

Back 60

AB toxin 2A + 5B

Front 61

How is Vibrio Cholera Spread?

Back 61

Contaminated water and seafood and it prefers alkaline environments (like the jejunum)

Front 62

How does campylobacter get around?

Back 62

It is motile with polar flagella

Front 63

What is the most common cause of GI infection?

Back 63

Campylobacter

Front 64

T/F
Campylobacter uses actin to get around.

Back 64

False
It manipulates Microtubules

Front 65

What are the different species of campylobacter?

Back 65

C jejuni
C coli

Front 66

Who won the nobel prize for discovering H. pylori?

Back 66

Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
Swallowed it themselves

Front 67

How does H pylori survive in an acidic environment?

Back 67

□ Urease
® Required for bacteria to survive, but does not cause damage; also produces CO2.
® Allows bacteria to live in stomach
® Converts urea to ammonia, which raises the pH and allows bacteria to thrive.

Front 68

What is the most famous species of Pseudomonas?

Back 68

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 69

Where can Pseudomonas be found?

Back 69

Almost anywhere because it just needs a little ammonia and CO2 to grow

Front 70

T/F
Pseudomonas is easy to treat

Back 70

False
It makes a lot of exopolysaccharides which resist antibiotics

Front 71

Who does Pseudomonas infect?

Back 71

Cystic fibrosis patients, because they can't get it out of lungs

Front 72

What is the smallest bacteria?

Back 72

Haemophilin

Front 73

What is the most virulent strain of Haemophilin?

Back 73

Hib

Front 74

What is the vaccine for Haemophilin made of?

Back 74

Purified PRP vaccine cannot be used on children under 2 because of the polysaccharide capsule
◊ New strategies developed using 3 PRP-conjugative vaccines using proteins derived from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and N. meningitides.

Front 75

Which bacteria leads to whooping cough?

Back 75

Bordetella

Front 76

How is the virulence regulated for Bordetella?

Back 76

BvgAS two component system

Front 77

What are the toxins for Bordetella Pertusis?

Back 77

Pertusis AB toxin
Adenylate cyclase
Tracheal cytotoxin

Front 78

What is the story behind Legionella?

Back 78

See chart

Front 79

What kind of disease is legionella?

Back 79

Pneumonia from aquatic sources with headache, fever, chills, dry cough and chest pain

Front 80

Where does legionella infect?

Back 80

Alveolar macrophages

Front 81

Is Legionella intracellular or extracellular disease?

Back 81

Intracellular

Front 82

What are the characteristics of cancer?

Back 82

See Chart

Front 83

What are the key regulators of the cell cycle?

Back 83

Cyclins and Cyclin dependent Kinases

Front 84

What are a family of nuclear proteins involved in the progression of cell cycles, no enzyme activity?

Back 84

Cyclins

Front 85

What is another term for commensile bacteria?

Back 85

Autochthonous
Species characteristically in a particular habitat

Front 86

What are the Orange complex components?

Back 86

Oh My eU Cant Play Pool For Shi

Middle
eUbacterium
Campylobacter
Prevotella
Peptostreptococcus
Fusobacterium
Streptococcus constellatus

Front 87

Which oral bacteria have black pigments?

Back 87

Pg
Prevotella

Front 88

Which bacteria contribute to ANUG?

Back 88

F. nucleatum
T. Denticola (spirochetes)

Front 89

Which bacteria contribute to LJP?

Back 89

AA

Front 90

Which bacteria contribute to perio abcess?

Back 90

PG
F.nucleatum

Front 91

Which bacteria contribute to Rapidly Progressing Periodontitis?

Back 91

AA
PG
Spirochetes

Front 92

Which bacteria contribute to Refractory Periodontitis?

Back 92

Tannerella Forsythia

Front 93

Which oral bacteria is an early colonizer that has an amphipathic relationship with host?

Back 93

Actinomyces

Front 94

Which bacteria is an early colonizer that is an important determinant in plaque?

Back 94

S. Sanguis