B.a.e. Chapter Five: Microphones

Front 1

microphone

Back 1

device that changes acoustic energy into an electric current (can be altered and manipulated)

Front 2

transducer

Back 2

device that converts one form of energy into another form of energy

Front 3

frequency response

Back 3

difference between what frequencies a performance is actually transmitting to what the microphone is capturing

Front 4

flat response

Back 4

sensitive to all frequencies;

reproduces sounds with little or no variation from the original sound

Front 5

polar pattern

Back 5

how sensitive a microphone is to sounds arriving at different angles about its central axis

Front 6

high pass filter

Back 6

allows frequencies above a designated point on the frequency spectrum to pass through unaffected and attenuates or decreases the amplitude of frequencies below that point;

offer greater control over what is captured from a performance

Front 7

omnidirectional polar pattern

Back 7

equally sensitive to sound sources from any direction;

360 degree pickup

Front 8

cardiod polar pattern

Back 8

"shape of a heart";

more sensitive in the front and discriminates rear sound sources;

120 degree pickup

Front 9

super cardiod polar pattern

Back 9

rejection of sound from the side is increased causing the front to be more sensitive

Front 10

hyper cardiod polar pattern

Back 10

rejects side sound source more than super cardiod but picks up more sound from the rear;

100 degree pickup

Front 11

ultra cardiod polar pattern

Back 11

more sensitive to the front compared to the back and focuses on a smaller front area;

"trades" some side rejection

Front 12

bidirectional or figure 8 polar pattern

Back 12

equally sensitive to front and rear sound sources;

almost no sensitivity to the side sound source;

front and back pickup

Front 13

Back 13

omnidirectional polar pattern

Front 14

Back 14

cardiod polar pattern

Front 15

Back 15

super cardiod polar pattern

Front 16

Back 16

hyper cardiod polar pattern

Front 17

Back 17

ultra cardiod polar pattern

Front 18

Back 18

bidirectional or figure 8 polar pattern

Front 19

signal-to-noise ratio

Back 19

measure of amount of noise to the amount of signal produced by an electric component

Front 20

impedence

Back 20

measure of resistance to the flow of electricity;

measured in ohms

Front 21

loading down

Back 21

makes a microphone lose its level, distort, or sound thin

Front 22

sound pressure level (SPL)

Back 22

measure of the amplitude of a sound

Front 23

distortion

Back 23

alternation of the original shape (or other characteristic) of something

(ie: object, image, sound, or wavelength)

Front 24

analog distortion

Back 24

when the voltage exceeds the amount of amplitude allowed by the electronic components of the piece of gear

Front 25

maximum SPL rating

Back 25

maximum amount of decibel level a microphone can accept before the output distorts

Front 26

microphone sensitivity

Back 26

amount of voltage produced when exposed to certain sound pressure levels

Front 27

condenser microphone

Back 27

use a capacitor;

voltage is created by the diaphragm changing the distance between two plates

Front 28

ribbon microphone

Back 28

use a corrugated piece of metal suspended in a magnetic field;

voltage is created through induction

Front 29

dynamic microphone

Back 29

use a diaphragm attached to a moving coil that surrounds a magnet;

voltage is created through induction

Front 30

carbon microphone

Back 30

voltage is created through the use of loosely packed granules of coal-like material;

among the first microphones created

Front 31

Who invented the first microphone?

What year?

Back 31

Alexander Graham Bell in 1876

Front 32

Who invented the carbon microphone?

What year?

Back 32

David Edward Huges in 1878

Front 33

Who invented the condenser microphone?

What year?

Back 33

Edward Christopher Wente in 1916

Front 34

Who invented the ribbon microphone?

Between what years?

Back 34

Dr. Henry F. Olsen between the 1920s and 1930s

Front 35

Who invented the transverse current carbon microphone?

During what years?

Back 35

Georg Neumann in the 1920s

Front 36

types of condenser microphones

Back 36

-Neumann U87

-AKG C414

-Neumann/Telefunken U47

-AKG/Telefunken Ela M 251

-Neumann KM 84

-Neumann M 49

Front 37

types of dynamic microphones

Back 37

-Shure SM 57/58

-Sennheiser MD 421

-Shure SM7B

-ElectroVoice RE20

-AKG D112

-Beyer Dynamic M 201

Front 38

types of ribbon microphones

Back 38

-Royer R121

-Coles 4038

-RCA 77D

-El Diablo

Front 39

Back 39

Neumann U87

(condenser microphone)

Front 40

Back 40

AKG C414

(condenser microphone)

Front 41

Back 41

Neumann/Telefunken U47

(condenser microphone)

Front 42

Back 42

AKG/Telefunken Ela M 251

(condenser microphone)

Front 43

Back 43

Neumann KM 84

(condenser microphone)

Front 44

Back 44

Neumann M 49

(condenser microphone)

Front 45

Back 45

Shure SM57

(dynamic microphone)

Front 46

Back 46

Shure SM58

(dynamic microphone)

Front 47

Back 47

Shure SM7B

(dynamic microphone)

Front 48

Back 48

ElectroVoice RE20

(dynamic microphone)

Front 49

Back 49

AKG D112

(dynamic microphone)

Front 50

Back 50

Beyer Dynamic 201

(dynamic microphone)

Front 51

Back 51

Royer R121

(ribbon microphone)

Front 52

Back 52

Coles 4038

(ribbon microphone)

Front 53

Back 53

RCA 77D

(ribbon microphone)

Front 54

Back 54

El Diablo

(ribbon microphone)

Front 55

What was the first microphone called?

Back 55

A liquid transmitter

Front 56

Phantom power

Back 56

A voltage that powers some of the components in most condenser microphones;

usually a button that is pressed up on a pre-amp or mixing console