Badm Lecture 8

Front 1

Clickstream data

Back 1

Data that visitors and customers produce when they visit a Website

Front 2

Bit (a binary digit):

Back 2

a circuit that is either on or off.

Front 3

Byte

Back 3

group of 8 bits, represents a single character.

Front 4

Field

Back 4

name, number, or characters that describe an aspect of a business object or activity

Front 5

Record

Back 5

collection of related data fields

Front 6

File (or table

Back 6

collection of related records.

Front 7

Database

Back 7

a collection of integrated and related files.

Front 8

Database management system (DBMS)

Back 8

provides all users with access to all the data.
DBMSs minimizes the following problems:
-Data redundancy
-Data isolation
-Data inconsistency

Front 9

Data redundancy

Back 9

the same data stored in many places.

Front 10

Data isolation

Back 10

applications cannot access data associated with other applications

Front 11

Data inconsistency

Back 11

various copies of the data do not agree.

Front 12

DBMSs maximize the following issues

Back 12

Data security
Data integrity
Data independence

Front 13

Data integrity

Back 13

data meets certain constraints, no alphabetic characters in zip code field.

Front 14

Data independence

Back 14

applications and data are independent of one another, all applications are able to access the same data.

Front 15

Data model

Back 15

Diagram that represents the entities in the database and their relationships

Front 16

Entity

Back 16

is a person, place, thing or event.

Front 17

Attribute

Back 17

is a characteristic or quality of a particular entity.

Front 18

Primary key

Back 18

is a field that uniquely identifies that record

Front 19

Secondary keys

Back 19

are fields that have identifying information but may not identify with complete accuracy.

Front 20

entity-relationship (ER) modeling

Back 20

Database designers plan the database design in a process
-ER diagrams consists of entities, attributes and relationships.

Front 21

Entity classes

Back 21

are a group of entities of a given type, i.e. STUDENT.

Front 22

Instance

Back 22

is the representation of a particular entity, i.e. STUDENT(John Smith, 123-45-6789, …).

Front 23

Identifiers

Back 23

are attributes unique to that entity instance, i.e. StudentIDNumber.

Front 24

Database management system (DBMS)

Back 24

is a set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access and analyze data stored in one location

Front 25

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

Back 25

is when transactions are processed as soon as they occur

Front 26

Relational database model

Back 26

is based on the concept of two-dimensional tables.

-Popular examples of relational databases are Microsoft Access and Oracle.

Front 27

Structured query language (SQL)

Back 27

is the most popular query language used to request information.-SEQUAL (call it that)

Front 28

Query by example (QBE)

Back 28

is a grid or template that a user fills out to construct a sample or description of the data wanted.

Front 29

Normalization

Back 29

is a method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form for:
Mimimum redunancy;
Maximum data integrity;
Best processing performance.
Normalized data is when attributes in the table depend only on the primary key.

Front 30

Virtual Databases

Back 30

Software applications that provide a way of managing many different data sources as though they were all one large database.
Benefits of virtual databases include:
Lower development costs;
Faster development time;
Less maintenance;
Single point of entry into a company’s data.

Front 31

Data warehouse

Back 31

is a repository of historical data organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization and include

Front 32

Online analytical processing

Back 32

which involves the analysis of accumulated data by end users

Front 33

Multidimensional data structure

Back 33

which allows data to be represented in a three-dimensional matrix (or data cube).

Front 34

Benefits of Data Warehousing

Back 34

End users can access data quickly and easily via Web browsers because they are located in one place.
End users can conduct extensive analysis with data in ways that may not have been possible before.
End users have a consolidated view of organizational data.

Front 35

Data mart

Back 35

is a small data warehouse, designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or a department

Front 36

Data mining

Back 36

involves searching for valuable business information in a large database, data warehouse, or data mart.
Used to predict trends and behaviors.
Identify previously unknown patterns.

Front 37

Retailing and sales

Back 37

Predict sales, prevent theft and fraud, determine correct inventory levels and distribution schedules.

Front 38

Banking

Back 38

Forecast levels of bad loans, fraudulent credit card use, predict credit card spending by new customers, etc.

Front 39

Manufacturing and production

Back 39

Predict machinery failures, find key factors to help optimize manufacturing capacity

Front 40

Insurance

Back 40

Forecast claim amounts, medical coverage costs, predict which customers will buy new insurance policies.

Front 41

Policework

Back 41

Track crime patterns, locations, criminal behavior; identify attributes to assist in solving criminal cases.

Front 42

Health care

Back 42

Correlate demographics of patients with critical illnesses, develop better insight to identify and treat symptoms and their causes.

Front 43

Marketing

Back 43

Classify customer demographics to predict how customers will respond to mailing or buy a particular product.

Front 44

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Back 44

is a computer-based system for capturing, integrating, manipulating and displaying data using digitized maps.
Find locations for new restaurants.
Emerging GIS applications integrated with global positioning systems (GPSs).

Front 45

Virtual Reality

Back 45

is interactive, computer-generated, three-dimensional graphics delivered to the user through a head-mounted display

Front 46

Knowledge management (KM)

Back 46

is a process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that is part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format.

Front 47

Knowledge

Back 47

is information that is contextual, relevant and actionable; information in action.

Front 48

Intellectual capital (or intellectual assets)

Back 48

is another term often used for knowledge.

Front 49

Explicit knowledge

Back 49

deals with more objective, rational and technical knowledge.

Front 50

Tacit knowledge

Back 50

is the cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning.

Front 51

Knowledge management systems (KMSs)

Back 51

use modern information technologies – Internet, intranets, extranets, data warehouses - to systemize, enhance and expedite intrafirm and interfirm knowledge management.

Front 52

Best practices

Back 52

are the most effective and efficient ways of doing things, readily available to a wide range of employees.