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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal Eh
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+150 mv
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virulence factor of C. chavuoei?
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phospholipase C alpha toxin
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Does C. chavuoei or C. septicum produce gas?
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C. chauvoei
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Histopath of C. septicum/malignant edema?
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affected tissues are swollen and hemorrhagic with interstitial edema and hemorrhage
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C. hemolyticum causes
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Red water disease, hemoglobinuria
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Virulence factor of C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. hemolyticum, C. novyi?
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Phospholipase C alpha toxin
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Type A C. novyi?
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Gas gangrene in man, cow and sheep.
Big head in rams |
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Type B C. novyi?
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black disease: necrotic hepatitis similar to red water disease
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C. spirforme makes what toxin?
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Iota toxin. It ADP ribosylates and impairs the ability of actin to polymerize
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Enterotoxemia causes:
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diarrhea, dilation of cecum, necrotic vilus epithelia with lots of inflammatory cells
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C. colinum causes
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Quail disease which is ulcerative enteritis. also diffuse necrosis of the liver
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C. piliforme
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Tyzzer's disease
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Tyzzer's disease
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necrotizing hepatitis and hemorrhagic enteritis.
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Clinical signs of Tyzzer's
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acute onset, diarrhea, melena, anal bleeding, depression, anorexia, rough hair coat
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C. difficile
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pseudomembranous enterocolitis
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Cause of colitis X?
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C. difficile
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C. perfringens type A
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Yellow Lamb disease
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Yellow Lamb Disease
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enterotoxemia from phospholipase C alpha toxin. depression, pale mucous membranes, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, death
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C. perfringens Type B
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lamb dysentery. hemorrhagic ulceration of the small intestine
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C. perfringens Type C
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hemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis in many species (England)
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C. perfringens Type D
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.Pulpy kidney/overeating disease. enterotoxemia in goats and sheep.
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What makes animals more susceptible to C. perfringens?
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Feedlot situations where epsilon toxin is made by spores
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Which C. tetani toxin is the one which causes the CNS symptoms?
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tetanospasmin
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Typical signs of tetanus?
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sardonic smile, opisthotonos, lockjaw
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The tetanus and botulism toxins can be classified as?
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zinc binding endopeptidases which are inhibitors of neurotransmitters
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What's the difference between the tetanus and botulism toxins?
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tetanus toxin: degrades synaptobrevin
botulism toxin: degrades SNAP-25, syntaxin or synaptobrevin |
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Food borne botulism
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preformed toxin from germinated spores
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Infant botulism
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spores establish themselves in the gut and then produce toxin
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Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides nodosus and bacteroides melaninogenicus cause:
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foot rot in sheep
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Major virulence of F. necrophorum. B. nodosus, and B. melaninogenicus:
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keratin degrading proteases
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Bacteroides fragilis causes
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human peritonitis
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B. fragilis virulence factors
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superoxide dismutase, capsule, antibiotic resistance
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Campylobacter growth needs
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10-20% O2 with 5% of less CO2
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C. fetus venereralis causes
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endometritis, salphingitis and infertility in cow. unapparent in bull
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C. fetus fetus causes
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ovine abortions but is not transmitted sexually
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Campylobacter mucosalis and C. hyointestinalis are found where and cause what?
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found in mouth of piglet 2 wks post weaning and cause proliferating epilthelia, loss of villi and polyps in the lower ileum and cecum
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What do porcine proliferative enteritis lesions look like
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Proliferative enteritis. enlarged intestinal crypts and absence of goblet cells
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What are the two forms of PPE
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hemorrhagic form: hyperplastic mucosa and concurrent hemorrhage
Necroproliferative form: necrosis and dipthertic membrane |
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What causes Porcine proliferative enteritis?
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Lawsonia Intracellularis
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Campylobacter jejuni causes
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food borne illness and is a frank pathogen in humans
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Virulence of C. jejuni
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CDTB is a DNAase causing ds DNA breaks resulting in cell death
CDT: cytolytic distending toxin |
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Moraxella bovis
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IDK
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IDK signs
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excessive tearing, dislike of bright light, cloudiness, ulceration
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When and why does IDK occur?
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M. bovis is an opportunistic pathogen and is concurrent with other infection. Onset is correlated with UV exposure.
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M. bovis virulence
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pili recombination helps it to avoid immune response
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What M. bovis factor is a good vaccine canidate?
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hemolysins because they're shared by all strains.
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Francisella tularensis
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tularemia, rabbit fever
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Reservoirs for F. tularensis
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small wild lagomorphs and rodentia
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What does F. tularensis cause in rabbits?
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Plague like symptoms, rabbit-fever. multiple necrotic granulomatous lesions in spleen and liver
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types of tularemia in humans
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pneumonic: respiratory granulomas, fever
ulceroglandular form: ulcer and regional lymphadenitis occularglandualar form: conjunctivitis typhoidal form: food poisoning from infected meat systemic form; bad news |
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F. tularensis virulence factors
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capsule, acid phosphotase, IgIC, MgIA, MgIB. IgIC is the gene for phagosome escape
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What's unique about F. tularensis LPS?
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tetra fatty acid acetylated LPS which doesn't start the inflammatory pathway
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How do you treat F. tularensis?
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Streptolysin and tetracyclin
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What species of Burkholderia are motile?
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B. mallei
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P. aeruginosa is an anerobe important in what disease?
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Cystic fibrosis
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What are unique culture characteristics of P. aeruginosa?
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green hue and grape like odor. Makes pyocynin and pyoverdine
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What factors predispose to P. aeruginosa?
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parasitic fungal infections of the skin, exposure to antimicrobials, poor sanitation
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What are virulence factors of P. aeruginosa?
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alginate
biofilms quorum sensing |
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Why is P. aerguninosa resistant to antibiotics?
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multidrug eflux pumps
plasmids for resistance |
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Burkholderia pseduomallei causes:
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maleidosis: suppurative or caseous lesions/nodules
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Endemic areas of B. pseudomallei
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southeast asia, tropical regions
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How do you diagnose maleiodosis?
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Unique smell on Ashdown's medium. Serology and PCR available
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Virulence factors of B. pseudomallei
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quorum sensing, type III secretion system, capsule, LPS, flagella
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Burkholderia mallei causes:
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Glander's in horses
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Clinical manifestation of Glander's
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ulcerating nodules in the upper respiratory tract, nasal mucosa
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Cutaneous form of Glander's
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Farcy, nodules in the lymph nodes in the extremities
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How do you diagnose Glander's
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signs usually don't develop until too late
Mallein test is best |
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What's the role of erythritol in bovine Brucella tissue trophism
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This is a sugar present in the uterus helps it to grow
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Causative agents of bovine and swine brucellosis
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B. abortus and B. suis
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Diseases caused by bovine brucellosis
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abortion at 7-8months or sterility from orchitis in bulls
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How is bovine brucellosis spread
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shed in milk and uterine tissue. ingestion of aborted tissues
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Symptoms of bovine brucellosis
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abortion, infection and abscess formation in bull seminal vesicle. arthritis in joints
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control strategies for bovine brucellosis
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prevention, detection, testing and elimination
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Which vaccine do you use for bovine brucellosis
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B. abortus strain RB51 since it doesn't cause cross reactions with the natural strain
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What causes canine brucellosis
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B. canis
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Diseases caused by canine brucellosis
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generalized lymphadenitis, epididymitis, periorchitis and prostatitis
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diagnosis of canine brucellosis
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isolation and serology
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control strategies for canine brucellosis
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house dogs in separate kennels, long term antibiotics
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Causative agents of horse and goat brucellosis
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B. abortus, B. suis
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Clinical signs of horse brucellosis
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fistulous withers or poll evil
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Causative agent of sheep brucellosis
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B. ovis, occasionally B. melitensis
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Disease of sheep brucellosis
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epididymitis and orchitis, impaired fertility
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clinical signs of sheep brucellosis
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marked deterioration in semen quality, epididymal enlargement
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control of sheep brucellosis
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regular exam of rams and elimination. keep a young ram flock
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Causative agent human brucellosis
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B. melitensis
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How do humans get brucellosis
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unpasteurized milk
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Human brucellosis symptoms
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undulating fever, sweating, fever
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Clinical signs of human brucellosis
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spondylosis, spticemia, fever, leukopenia
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treatment for human brucellosis
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tetracycline
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brucellosis virulence factors
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prevents the phagosome-lysosome fusion
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Virulence factors of brucellosis
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virB codes for T4SS which injects its proteins into the host cell
LPS is less active and less toxic - poor inducer of respiratory burst |
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what are the HAP group
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Haemophilus, actinobacillus, pasteruella
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what are heterofermentative bacteria
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ferment carbohydrates and produce a variety of products including VFAs
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What are the X and V factors required for heamophilus
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X = heme or porphyrins
V = NAD staph and pseudomonas |
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habitat and route of transmission for haemophilus
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parasites. normal flora of mucous membranes
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haemophilus parasuis causes
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Glasser's disease - polyserositis, fibrinous inflammation of serious surfaces of pericardium, pluera, peritoneum, joints and meneges
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how do you ID H. parasuis
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clinical signs and isolation of organism. Be careful though, it's commensual
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H. somus
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thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
abortion, infertility, weakness, fever go into state of drowsiness then paralysis and death |
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H. paragallinarum
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fowl coryza - acute respiratory disease characterized by nasal discharge, sneezing, swelling of face
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predisposing factor to H. paragallinarum
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poor biosecurity, poor environment, stress
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what's the test for H. paragallinarum
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catalase test (-)
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Atinobacillus lignieresii causes
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wooden tongue
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wooden tongue
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slow growing pyogranulomatous proliferative and ulcerative chronic inflammatory lesion
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Atinobacillous equuli colonizes what tissue
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tonsils and intestines of horses
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diseases caused by A. equuli
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purulent joints and kidney abscesses
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predisposing conditions to A. equuli
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stress, debilitation, parasites, overtraining, bad weather etc
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conditions which cause spread of APP
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nose to nose or aerosol. intensive husbandry, poor ventilation, over-crowding
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APP virulence factors
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capsule, LPS endotoxin, rapid cell division, transferrin binding proteins
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APP rapid cell division
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overwhelm immune system
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