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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the important gram negative anaerobes?
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Bacteroides, prevotella, porphyromonas, fusobacterium
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What are the important gram positive anaerobes?
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Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, and proprionibacterium
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What are some predisposing factors to anaerobic infections?
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Reduction of the tissues oxidation-reduction potential through trauma with loss of blood, disruption of epithelial barriers, and previous antimicrobial therapy
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What are some examples of acceptable clinical specimens for culturing anaerobic bacteria?
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Aspirated pus, tissue (biopsy, surgical), body fluids
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What are some examples of inappropriate specimens for the isolation of anaerobic bacteria?
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Throat swabs, gingival swabs, sputum, feces, gastric contents, urine, and vaginal swabs (all contain normal anaerobic flora)
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What are some clinical clues to signify an anaerobic infection?
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Foul-smelling lesion or discharge, gas in tissue, abscesses, presence of sulfur granules, animal bite infections
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Which two gram negative anaerobes are normal flora in the oral cavity?
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Porphyromonas and prevotella
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What infections are seen with porphyromonas?
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Gingivitis, periodontitis, and abscesses with the risk of systemic infection
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What infections are seen with prevotella?
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gingivitis, soft tissue infections, lung abscesses, and genital infections
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What is the major virulence factor for Bacteroides fragilis?
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The polysaccharide capsule
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What are some unique virulence factors of bacteroides fragilis?
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It contains LPS with no endotoxin activity and there is also an enterotoxin producing B. fragilis (ETBF) strain which causes diarrhea in children
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What are the clinical manifestations of a B. fragilis infection?
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Abdominal abscesses and peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, diarrhea (ETBF strains) primarily in children 1-5yrs, and inflammatory bowel disease (ETBF strains in adults)
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Where is bacteroides fragilis found as normal flora?
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In the intestines and the vagina
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What is the shape and gram stain of bacteroides fragilis?
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It is a pale staining gram negative pleomorphic rod
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What is the gram stain and shape of fusobacterium and where are they found as normal flora?
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Fusobacterium are gram negative bacilli found in the oral cavity and intestinal tract as normal flora
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Describe the morphological appearance of fusobacterium nucleatum
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They are long, thin bacilli with pointed ends
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Where are fusobacterium nucleatum found as normal flora? F. Necrophorum?
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F. nucleatum are found in the oral cavity and F. necrophorum are found in the intestine
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What sort of infections are caused by F. nucleatum? F. Nectophorum?
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F. nucleatum cause oral infections such as gingivitis and lung abscesses; F. necrophorum cause abdominal and liver abscesses
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What is the gram stain and shape of peptostreptococcus?
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Peptostrepococcus are gram-positive cocci
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Where is peptostreptococcus found as normal flora?
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They are found as normal flora on the skin, in the mouth, female genital tract, and intestinal tract
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What are the clinical manifestations of a peptostreptococcus infection?
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Decubitus skin ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, bite wounds, pelvic inflammatory disease, peritonitis, and intra-abdominal abscesses
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What is the gram stain and shape of actinomyces?
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They are gram positive, filamentous branching bacilli
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Where are actinomyces found as normal flora?
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Oral cavity, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina
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From what other bacteria must a Actinomyces infection be distinguished and how is it done?
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Actinomyces infections must be distinguished from Nocardia; actinomyces have sulfur granules
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What are the common clinical manifestations of an actinomyces infection?
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Actinomycosis causes cervicofacial lesions, abdominal lesions, and salpingitis
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What is the gram stain, shape, and oxygen requirements of eikenella corrodens?
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Eikenella corrodens is a gram negative bacilli that is AEROBIC
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Where is eikenella corrodens found as normal flora?
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Eikenella is found as normal flora in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract
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What are the major manifestations of disease caused by eikenella?
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Endocarditis (HACEK) and bite wound infections
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What is a common characteristic of anaerobic infection?
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Many anaerobic infections are mixed infections with more than one organism found in the abscess/infected area
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