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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GI
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StaphA, norovirus, rotavirus, CASA (coronavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus)
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meningitis
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BACTERIA: meningococcus, pneumococcus, StaphA (rare), Strep pyogenes, Strep agalactiae (neonatal), gonococcus (rare). VIRUS: MECH (mumps, echovirus, coxsackie A/B, HSV-2) and WEE EEE LaCrosse SLE
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encephalitis
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EEE, WEE, SLE, LAC, HSV1 and 2, VZV, EBV, polio, rabies
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pharyngitis
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GAS, gonococcus. ICARE: influenza, coronavirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, EBV
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pneumonia
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GASCAP (GAS, CMV, adenovirus, pneumococcus), SARS, RSV, PIV
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diseases associated with close quarters
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meningococcus, pneumonia (nursing homes), norovirus
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diseases causing conjunctivitis
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GMP/SA gonorrhea (neonatal), meningococcus, pneumococcus, StaphA
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endocarditis
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StaphA, StaphE, EVERY strep but GAS, gonococcus (rare)
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arthritis
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GRABSAAS StaphA, GAS, gonococcus, rubella, HepA, B19, GBS
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UTI
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E.coli, saprophyticus, E. faecalis, StaphA (rare)
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rash diseases
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measles, rubella, B19, roseola, GAS, VZV, rhinovirus
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M protein
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GAS, mediates adherence to keratinocytes and internalization, binds factor H to activate factor I, cleaving C3b. >100 serotypes
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ASO
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requires low O2, beta-hemolytic, titer for ASO involved in test for rheumatic fever
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exotoxin A
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superantigen causing strep TSS, requires bacteremia
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exotoxin B
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protease causing necrotizing fasciitis
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hyaluronic acid
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antiphagocytic capsule component, GAS
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GAS adhesion molecules
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F protein and lipotechoic acid bind fibronectin in pharyngeal epithelial cells, M protein attaches to keratinocytes and mediates internalization
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GAS anti-phagocytic factors
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M protein binds H, activating I to cleave C3b. hyaluronic acid. C5a peptidase
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c5a peptidase
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GAS
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CAMP test
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GBS, arrowhead when plated with beta lysin producing StaphA
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erythrogenic toxin
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superantigen causing rash of scarlet fever
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pathophys of pneumococcus
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treatment for GBS
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penicillin with aminoglycoside. antibodies?
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diseases of enterococcus
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UTI (most common). also bacteremia, endocarditis, bedsores, wounds, intraabdominal infections.
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treatment for enterococcus?
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penicillin with aminoglycoside
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disease susc. to bacitracin
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GAS
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nonsuppurative ASO threshold
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titer >240
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amidase
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pneumococcus. cleaves bonds in peptidoglycan layer causing lysis. basis for bile solubility (turns broth clear when grown with bile salts).
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hydrolyzes hippurate
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GBS
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what is esculin and which bacteria assc. with it?
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enterococcus, hydrolyzes crystalline glycoside turning agar from colorless to black.
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grows in bile salts
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enterococcus
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oxidase reagent test
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Neisseria are all oxidase positive. Neisseria cytochrome C reacts with oxidase reagent to create purple/black color.
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bacteria with sialic acid
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Neisseria
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leading cause of septic arthritis
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gonococcus
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opthalmia neonatorum and tx
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gonococcus, erythromycin
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adhesins for gonorrhea
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pili and Opa. Opa also binds heparin sulfate proteoglycan to mediate endocytosis. Also involved in gonococci aggregation.
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Opa
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gonococci. adhesion, heparin sulfate binding (endocytosis) and aggregation.
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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high fever, shock, widespread purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia, adrenal insufficiency. sx meningitis, increased levels of PMNs in CSF
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bacteria causing DIC
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gonococcus
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drug abuse is a risk factor for:
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endocarditis (StaphA, StaphE, viridans)
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leading cause of osteomyelitis and route of infection
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StaphA, trauma
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molecules that cause SIRS
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peptidoglycan and teichoic acid
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honey-colored crusty lesions, condition and cause?
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impetigo, S. aureus
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Kawasaki syndrome
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bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis, lesions on lips/oral mucosa, diffuse maculopapular rash, desquamation, arrythmias, regurgitation of valves
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function of staphyloxanthin?
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inactivates superoxides and other reactive oxygen species
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protein A significance
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binds Fc portion
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how many serotypes of GAS M-protein?
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>100
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mechanism of exfoliatin?
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protease cleaving desmosomes, leading to separation of epidermis at granular layer
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leukocidin causing necrosis?
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alpha toxin
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staphA expresses what enzymes
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coagulase (and staphylokinase), fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase, proteases, nucleases, lipases
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staphA infections causing severe necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections related to what factor? and what risk factors? CA or HA?
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PV leukocidin, MRSA, drug abuse, wrestlers, mostly CA acquired
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sunburn rash?
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TSS
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superantigens
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enterotoxin, TSST, erythrogenic toxin, strep pyogenic exotoxin A
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GAS inflammatory enzymes
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hyaluronidase, DNases, streptokinase
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endometritis?
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GAS, GBS
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Janeway lesions? splinter hemorrhages?
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pathognomic for endocarditis
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risk factor for colonic carcinoma?
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endocarditis or bacteremia with Strep bovis
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participates in mixed infections to create brain abscesses?
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viridans
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how does rapid StrepA test work? and what is the caveat
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antigens react with abs bound to latex particles => agglutination. high false-negative (high spec low sens)
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C-substance
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produced by pneumococcus, used to measure CRP in other disease states
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given to hospital workers to reduce nasal carriage of StaphA
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Mupirocin
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IC patient undergoing GI procedure, give what prophylaxis?
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ampicillin, gentamycin, amoxicillin in highest risk
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StrepB mother giving birth, what prophylaxis?
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penicillin or ampicillin
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pathogenesis of pneumococci
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polysacch capsule, lipoteichoic acid, pneumolysin, IgA protease
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splenectomy patients vulnerable to which?
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pneumococci and other encapsulated bacteria (no spleen)
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complement deficiency (especially late) risk factor for?
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meningococcus, gonococcus
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rapid test for meningococcus detects what by what method?
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polysaccharide in CSF by latex agglutination
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vaccines for meningococcus?
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Menactra (conjugated dipth toxin, 4 serotypes), Menomune (unconjugated, 4 serotypes)
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method of transmission and colonization site of meningococcus?
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airborne droplets, colonizes nasopharynx (5% carriage rate up to 35% in close quarters) to bacteremia
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virulence factors and roles of meningococcus?
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pili- mediate attachment to mucosal cells and antiphagocytic, LOS- endotoxin, IgA protease, porinA inactivates C3b
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most frequent complication of endocervical gonorrhea?
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ascension into uterine tubes causing sterility or ectopic pregnancy from scarring of tubes
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sx of DGI
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arthritis, tenosynovitis, pustules in the skin
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atypical (other) infection sites of gonococcus and diseases caused
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anorectal (purulent discharge), throat (pharyngitis), eyes (neonatal opthalmia, reduced incidence through erythromycin prophylaxis)
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rapid test for gonococcus detects what by what method?
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nucleic acids by amplification on urine samples
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which tests are NOT effective for gonococcus?
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Gram stain on women can be false negative (hard to spot under microscope), need to do cultures on Thayer-Martin. serologic Abs NOT useful.
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tx for gonococcus?
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ceftriaxone, cipro for regions of high penicillin resistance
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tx for pneumococcus?
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beta lactam and vancomycin if resistant
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molecular basis of DIC
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release of IL-1, TNF, endotoxin, mediates release of Tissue Factor => coagulation
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