Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bacteria vs Fungi vs Parasites:
Size |
Small: Bacteria
Medium: Fungi Large: Parasites Bacteria<<Fungi<<Parasites |
|
|
Bacteria vs Fungi vs Parasites:
Cell type/nuclear features |
Bacteria:
Prokaryotes No nuclear membrane (nucleoid region) Fungi & Parasites: Eukaryotes Nucleus w/ nuclear membrane |
|
|
Bacteria:
Genetic material |
Bacteria:
DNA + RNA 1 chromosome No histones continuous DNA replication Monocistronic + Polycistronic (operons) mRNA Exons only (no introns) 70s ribosomes |
|
|
Fungi & Parasites:
Genetic material |
Bacteria:
DNA + RNA more than 1 chromosome Histones + Monocistronic RNA DNA replication in G + S phases Exons + introns 80s ribosomes |
|
|
Bacteria vs Fungi vs Parasites:
Cell membrane |
Bacteria: no sterols (except Mycoplasma <-- cholesterol)
Fungi: ergosterol Parasites: cholesterol |
|
|
Bacteria vs Fungi vs Parasites:
Cell wall |
Bacteria: Peptidoglycan
Fungi: complex CHO (chitin, glucan, mannan) Parasites: no cell wall |
|
|
Bacteria vs Fungi vs Parasites:
Replication |
Bacteria:
Binary fission Fungi & Parasites: Cytokinesis w/ mitosis/meiosis |
|
|
Normal Flora:
Blood/Internal Organs |
None (Sterile)
|
|
|
Normal Flora:
Cutaneous Surfaces (includes urethra and outer ear) |
Medically Impt:
Staph epidermidis Others: Staph aureus Corynebacteria (diphteriods) Strept Anaerobes (incl Candidas) |
|
|
Normal Flora:
Nose |
Medically Impt:
Staph aureus Others: Corynebacteria (diphtheroids) Staph epidermidis Strept |
|
|
Normal Flora:
Oropharynx |
Medically Impt:
Viridans streptococci (incl. Strept mutans-->biofilm) Others: nonpathogenic Neisseria nontypeable H flu (no capsule) |
|
|
Normal Flora:
Stomach |
None (acid)
|
|
|
Normal Flora:
Colon |
Babies: Bifidobacterium
Adults: Bacteroides |
|
|
Normal Flora:
Vagina |
Medically Impt:
Lactobacillus Others: various Strept Veillonella (resembles Neisseria, confused on swab) Gram (-) rods diphteroids yeasts |
|
|
Pathogenicity Features:
Adherence |
Pili/fimbriae: Gr (-) bugs
Teichoic acids: Gr (+) bugs Adhesins: colonizing factor [adhesin, pertussis toxin, hemagglutinin] IgA proteases: cleaved Fc portion binds to bacteria on one side and to a Fc receptor on other |
|
|
Pathogenicity Feature:
Partial Adherence |
Biofilms:
St epidermidis (catheters, IV) Str mutans (dental plaque) |
|
|
Pathogenicity Feature:
Avoiding Destruction |
-- Capsules:
Str pyogenes- M protein N gonorrheae- pili Staph aureus- A protein Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules: St pneumoniae, Klebsiella, H flu, Pseudomonas, N meningitidis, Cryptococcus --IgA proteases (grab IgG Fc to prevent opsonizing): NG,NM, H flu, St pneum |
|
|
Pathogenicity Feature:
Siderophores |
Chelate and import iron
|
|
|
Pathogenicity Feature:
Antigenic variation (surface antigen) |
NG: pili & outer membrane proteins
Trypanosoma brucei rhodsiense/gambiense: phase variation Enterobacteriaceae: capsule & flagellar antigens |
|
|
Toxins:
Endotoxin- features |
1. aka LPS (lipopolysaccharide
2. part of Gr (-) outer membrane 3. lipid A is toxic part, released after bug death (except NM) 4. heat stable (not toxic) 5. MOA: binds CD 14 on macrophages-> TNFa, IL1, IL6 release---->tissue damage, shock (bradykinin->vasodilation), DIC (Hageman factor activation) |
|
|
Toxins:
Exotoxins |
1. proteins, very toxic
2. heat labile (heat makes them less toxic, but remain immunogenic) 3. A-B components- A: Active (toxic) component e.g. ADP ribosyl transferase B: Binding component, binds to cell to internalize A component 4. Cytolysins- lyse cells (C perfiringins alpha toxin [lecithinase], SA alpha toxin [inserts pores]) |
|
|
Bugs with Exotoxins (major ones)
|
Protein inhibitors
------------------------ C dipth, Ps aeruginosa, Shigella dys, EHEC Neurotoxins ----------------- Clostridium tetani/botulinum Superantigens --------------------- SA, Strept pyogenes cAMP inducers ----------------------- ETEC, V Cholerae, Bac anthracis, Bordtella pertussis Cytolysins -------------- Clostridium perfringens, SA |
