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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The family Bacillacea is known for producing what
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Endospores. It includes Bacillus and Clostridia
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What two Bacillus species can cause disease
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Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis
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What diseases does Bacillus cereus cause
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Food poisoning (emetic from toxin or diarrheal for the organism); Ocular infections; Intravenous catheter-related sepsis
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What forms of disease does Bacillus anthracis cause
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Cutaneous (most common); gastrointestinal (rare); inhalational (Woolsorter's and intentional). Spores are the infectious form
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What is the definition of Bacillus anthracis
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Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores. Humans become infected as they come in contact with infected animals or their products
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What are two historical names for anthrax
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Black bane and malignant pustule
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What are some basic characteristics of anthrax
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Facultatively anaerobic, large spore-forming, gram positive rod. Virulent strains produce anti-phagocytic poly D-glutamic acid capsule and a toxin
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What are the characteristics of the anthrax toxin
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It is made up of three seperate proteins
Edema factor (EF) is a bacterial adenylate cyclase Lethal factor (LF) inhibits the MAPK signal transduction pathway in target macrophages Protective antigen (PA) is a tissue binding component |
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What is the pathogenesis of cutaneous anthrax
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Spores enter skin through injury, germinate, and form black, necrotic central eschars. Edema is striking. Can lead to septicemia. 95% of human cases
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What can inhalational anthrax lead to
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Hemorrhagic mediastinitis
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What is the ultimate reservoir for Bacillus anthracis
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Soil
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What are the clinical manifestations of Cutaneous anthrax
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Malignant pustule. Papule leads to central necrosis which leads to a black eschar. Characterized by painlessness, edema, and possibly systemic symptoms. There is complete resolution in 80-90% of cases
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What is characteristic of the terminal phase of inhalational anthrax
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Cyanosis, increased chest pain and chest wall edema, followed by shock and death within 24-48 hours. Also hemorrhagic mediastinitis
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