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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is meant by the host range
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Only a few of the microbial species that exist in nature are found in association with humans
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What is dynamic interaction
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The interaction of microorganism with human or other animal host is determined by the characteristics of the microbe and those of the host and it changes over time
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What is infection
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The process whereby a microbe enters into a relationship with a host. It may or may not cause disease
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What is pathogenicity
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Ability to cause disease. Frank (strict) pathogens readily cause disease in normal host. Opportunistic pathogens do not produce disease in their normal setting
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What is virulence
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Degree of pathogenicity
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Where are the normally sterile sites
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Blood; Body fluids; Tissues; Lower respiratory tract; Stomach
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What is the physiologic importance of normal flora
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Organisms in the normal flora may aid the host, harm the host, or be commensals
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What must be assumed of specimens collected from areas that have an abundant normal flora
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They are contaminated
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What are probiotics
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A live microbial food ingredient that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, exerts health benefits on the host beyond basic nutrition
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What are Koch's 4 postulates for a pathogen
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1. Organism should be found in all patients with the disease
2. Organism should be isolated and grown outside the body 3. Administration of the organism to an animal will cause sickness 4. The specific organism should be reisolated |
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What are the elements of a successful pathogen
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Contact and Entry; Establishment (colonization); Survival; Dissemination; Pathology--Damage the host; Balanced pathogenicity (equilibrium between parasitic growth and host damage)
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What is a characteristic of viral genes
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They are generally grouped together
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What factors influence colonization
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Epithelial barriers; Flushing action (ciliary activity, peristatic action, urine flow); Hostile environment on the surface; Normal flora
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What is the definition of infectious diseases
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Infectious diseases whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
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