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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Case: Multiple sheep that are lame. Examination of feet shows moist red area between toes, foul-smelling exudate, and undermining of the hoof. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Mastitis B. Founder C. Interdigital pyoderma D. Footrot |
D. Footrot
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Which agent is the primary cause of contagious footrot in sheep?
A. Arcanobacterium pyogenes B. Dechelobacter nodosus C. Fusobacterium necrophorum D. Clostridium footroticus |
B. Dechelobacter nodosus
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How can contagious footrot in sheep be managed?
A. Avoid buying sheep from infected flocks B. Routine hoof trimming C. Zinc and copper sulfate foot baths D. Vaccination E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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Case: Feedlot cattle not performing well; lower than expected weight gain. Liver abscesses found in multiple cattle at slaughter.What strict anaerobe is commonly isolated from such bovine liver abscesses?
A. Fusobacterium necrophorum B. Dechelobacter nodosus C. Clostridium perfringens D. Actinomyces pyogenes |
A. Fusobacterium necrophorum
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Which factor is the primary underlying cause for these bovine liver abscesses F. necrophorum?
A. Purchase of infected cattle B. Crowding in the feedlot C. Social stress in the feedlot D. Rapid change to high-energy diet |
D. Rapid change to high-energy diet
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Which of the following other diseases are associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum?
A. Thrush (hoof infection) in horses B. Calf diphtheria C. Necrotic laryngitis in feedlot cattle D. Interdigital dermatitis in sheep E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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Which strict anaerobe is commonly found in the mouth of dogs and cats and is involved in periodontal disease and bite wound infections?
A. Fusobacterium sp. B. Prevotella sp. C. Pasteurella multocida D. Dechelobacter nodosus |
B. Prevotella sp.
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What is an MIC?
A. The lowest concentration of drug that inhibits bacterial growth B. The maximum tolerated dose of drug C. The minimal amount of drug recommended for human use D. The Minimal Increase in drug Concentration allowed each day |
A. The lowest concentration of drug that inhibits bacterial growth
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Which of the following is true about antimicrobial drug therapy?
A. Always sensitivity test the bacterium before starting therapy. B. Never use penicillin; resistance is too common. C. If the MIC of drug A is high for organism B the drug will never be effective for that organism. D. Treatment should be started based on your best guess and then modified based on culture and sensitivity testing. |
D. Treatment should be started based on your best guess and then modified based on culture and sensitivity testing.
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Some drugs are sold only for veterinary use.
A. True B. False |
A. True
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Bactericidal drugs are preferred over bacteriostatic drugs.
A. True B. False |
B. False
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Results of a Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test tell you:
A. Which antibiotic is best to use. B. Which antibiotic will not likely work. C. The MIC of an antibiotic. D. The best dose of an antibiotic to use. |
B. Which antibiotic will not likely work.
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Antibiotic resistance is an innate, unchanging characteristic of each bacterial species
A. True B. False |
B. False
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What are key virulence factors of B. anthracis?
A. Exotoxin B. Endotoxin C. Capsule D. Two of the above E. All of the above |
A. Exotoxin
C. Capsule D. Two of the above |
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Which of the following is (are) a clinical sign suggestive of anthrax?
A. Sudden death B. Respiratory distress C. Convulsions D. Epistaxis (nose bleed) E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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What is the best diagnostic approach for a sudden bovine death if you suspect anthrax?
A. Submit a blood sample to a Diagnostic lab B. Necropsy and look for an enlarged spleen C. Refer the case to another veterinarian D. Submit a urine sample to a D-lab |
A. Submit a blood sample to a Diagnostic lab
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What property of B. anthracis allows its prolonged survival in soil?
A. Thick poly D-glutamic acid capsule B. Exotoxin C. Thick waxy cell wall D. Dehydration resistance gene E. Spore formation |
E. Spore formation
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What is the most common form of anthrax in ruminants?
A. Septicemia following spore ingestion B. Skin lesions following soil contamination of a wound C. Pneumonia following spore inhalation D. Diarrhea following spore ingestion E. None of the above |
A. Septicemia following spore ingestion
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Is meat from animals that have died from anthrax is safe to eat?
A. Yes B. No |
B. No
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What is the most common form of anthrax in humans?
A. Cutaneous B. Intestinal C. Inhalation D. Venereal |
A. Cutaneous
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How likely are you to die from cutaneous anthrax if treated promptly? (case fatality rate)
A. 10% B. 20% C. 1% D. 50% |
C. 1%
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Case: Group of parrots. Many of birds are sick with diarrhea, difficulty breathing, nasal discharge, and two young birds have died. A tracheal wash results with no gram stain (no bacteria), no culture growth. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Psittacosis B. Avian chlamydiosis C. Parrot fever D. Any of the above (all the same thing) |
D. Any of the above (all the same thing)
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What is the currently accepted name of the etiology for parrot fever?
A. Chlamydophila psittaci B. Chlamydia trachomatis C. Chlamydia parottis D. Rickettsia psittaci |
A. Chlamydophila psittaci
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In addition to cytology, what is a useful diagnostic test for avian chlamydiosis?
A. Culture B. Radiograph C. Serology D. Two of the above |
A. Culture
C. Serology D. Two of the above |
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Which antibiotic is the first choice for treatment of psittacosis?
A. Penicillin B. Tetracycline C. Vancomycin D. Jack Daniels E. Ryan's Mom |
B. Tetracycline
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Is the owner of parrots with chlamydia psittaci at risk of becoming infected?
A. Yes B. No |
A. Yes
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Case: Fussy feline! Complaint is excessive tearing aand sneezing, eyes are painful. Clinical signs are conjunctivitis and rhinitis. What is the etiology (newest terminology)?
A. Chlamydophila felis B. Cryptosporidium felis C. Trachoma D. None of the above |
A. Chlamydophila felis
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What is the old (still widely used) name for Chlamydophila felis?
A. Trachoma felis B. Chlamydia psittaci C. Chlamydia felis D. None of the above |
B. Chlamydia psittaci
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Are there vaccines sold to protect against Chlamydophila felis?
A. Yes B. No |
A. Yes
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Case: Sudden mortalities in a sheep feedlot. Clinical signs before death include: incoordination, convulsions, opisthotonus, and paddling. On necropsy you find an engorged rumen. What is your diagnosis?
A. Myositis B. Enterotoxemia - Clostridium C. Red water disease D. Bacillary hemoglobinuria E. Black leg |
B. Enterotoxemia - Clostridium
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Where does Clostridium perfringens come from that causes disease in sheep?
A. Normal gut microflora B. Another infected sheep C. Contaminated feed D. Contaminated water |
A. Normal gut microflora
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What can be done to save the other lambs from Clostridium infection?
A. Treat with penicillin B. Administer antitoxin C. Vaccinate with bacterin D. Change feed E. All of the above |
B. Administer antitoxin
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What can be done to prevent this Clostridium perfringens problem in the future?
A. Change feed more slowly B. Vaccinate lambs on arrival to the feedlot C. Provide medicated feed (tylosin) D. Avoid contaminated feed E. Two of the above |
A. Change feed more slowly
B. Vaccinate lambs on arrival to the feedlot E. Two of the above |
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Case: Adult cattle, multiple sudden deaths, no signs of trauma (lightning strike), necropsy performed. Found black necrosis, gas, edema in the cross section of rear leg muscle. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Black leg (Histotoxic Clostridium) B. Entertoxemia C. Over eating disease D. Tetanus E. Braxy |
A. Black leg (Histotoxic Clostridium)
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Case: Plato the paralyzed pony. Adult pony with a history of wire cut, unknown vaccination status, rigid stance, nictitating membrane partially drawn across his eye. Diagnostic reveal gram positive bacteria that look like a turkey leg. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Strangles B. Enterotoxemia C. Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) D. Botulism |
C. Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
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Which of the following are key elements of the tetanus story?
A. Anaerobic conditions B. Spores C. Exotoxin D. All of the above |
D. All of the above
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What is the site of action of the exotoxin of Clostridium tetani?
A. Inhibitory synapse in the CNS B. Synapse at the myoneural junction C. Enterocytes in the terminal ileum D. Hepatocytes leading to extensive necrosis |
A. Inhibitory synapse in the CNS
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Case: high mortality on a mink farm. Signs: weakness, limp, sudden death, 90% mortality rate. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Tetanus B. Botulism C. Enterotoxemia D. Black’s disease |
B. Botulism
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What is the source of the botulism toxin causing flaccid paralysis and mortalities in these mink?
A. Aerosol spread among mink B. Enteric infection and toxin absorption C. Wound infection D. Contaminated food |
D. Contaminated food
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What type of vaccine can be used to immunize mink against botulism?
A. Bacterin B. Antitoxin C. Toxoid D. Modified live strain of Cl. botulinum E. None of the above |
C. Toxoid
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Case: hunter complains that, “He got him a rabbit, but his thumb is sore – burns like hellfire!” There were white spots on the liver and spleen of the rabbit. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Tularemia B. Plague C. Tuberculosis D. Salmonellosis |
A. Tularemia
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What is the primary virulence factor of F. tularensis?
A. Intracellular survival & replication B. Neurotoxin release C. Antiphagocytic capsule D. Enterotoxin production |
A. Intracellular survival & replication
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What is the reservoir for tularemia?
A. Chronic human carriers B. Wildlife C. Ticks D. Two of the above |
B. Wildlife
C. Ticks D. Two of the above |
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Case: Two burly men bring you a meaty deer carcass and want you to take a look at it’s granulomotous pleural surface. You take an impression smear and stain it with acid-fast stain and you see bright pink bacteria. What is your diagnosis?
A. Rhodococcus equi B. Mycobacterium bovis C. Salmonella typhimurium D. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis |
B. Mycobacterium bovis
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45) What characteristic(s) of M. bovis are most responsible for its pathogenicity?
A. Thick waxy cell wall B. Potent exotoxins C. Spore formation D. Intracellular survival E. Two of the above |
A. Thick waxy cell wall
D. Intracellular survival E. Two of the above |
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Which antibiotic(s) are best for treatment of tuberculosis in cattle?
A. Isoniazid B. Fluoroquinolones C. Penicillin D. None of the above – should slaughter the cow or entire herd, no treatment |
D. None of the above – should slaughter the cow or entire herd and let their cow god sort em out
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In which Canadian provinces is bovine TB most likely to be discovered?
A. PEI B. Manitoba C. BC D. Quebec |
B. Manitoba
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Which of the following are differential diagnosis for Johne’s disease in cattle?
A. Salmonellosis B. BVD virus C. Nutritional problems D. Parasites E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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Fungal pathogens are:
A. Yeasts that can infect and cause disease B. Molds that can infect and cause disease C. Dimorphic organisms that can infect and cause disease D. All of the above |
D. All of the above
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Diagnosis of most fungal diseases is commonly done by:
A. Morphology of fungal elements seen on cytology or culture B. Serum biochemistry assays C. Culture on blood and MacConkey agar at 37C D. Serology (ELISA) using paired serum samples |
A. Morphology of fungal elements seen on cytology or culture
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Which of the following is the most common cause of ringworm in dogs and cats?
A. Trichophyton mentagrophytes B. Microsporum canis C. Epidermophyton floccosum D. Trichophyton felis E. Microsporum nanum |
B. Microsporum canis
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Which of the following are risk factors for dermatophytosis?
A. Young age B. Poor nutrition C. Crowded group housing D. Warm moist environments E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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Ringworm (dermatophytosis) in animals is zoonotic (transmissible to humans).
A. True B. False |
A. True
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All cases of ringworm are treated the same.
A. True B. False |
A. True
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If you suspect sporotrichosis and see yeast cells in clinical samples, which test confirms the diagnosis?
A. Red color on DTM medium B. Finding spherules in addition to yeast cells C. Culture and demonstration of dimorphism D. Clinical chemistry showing a high BUN |
C. Culture and demonstration of dimorphism
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How do animals get sporotrichosis?
A. Inhalation B. Through wounds C. Ingestion D. Buy it at Wild Impulse |
B. Through wounds
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Which of the following terms describe infections with dematiaceous fungi?
A. Chromoblastomycosis B. Histoplasmosis C. Onychomycosis D. Mycetoma E. Two of the above |
A. Chromoblastomycosis
D. Mycetoma E. Two of the above |
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Blastomycosis is associated with exposure to which of the following?
A. Pigeon poop B. Bat feces C. Bird or bat guano D. Wet wood and organic soil E. Infected sporting dogs |
D. Wet wood and organic soil
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Histoplasmosis is associated with exposure to which of the following?
A. Pigeon poop B. Bird or bat guano C. Wet wood and organic soil D. Water E. Exudate from infected cats |
B. Bird or bat guano
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Case: Molly the parrot has been losing weight for the last 2 months and exhibits periodic coughing. Find the bird to be alert on exam and with a normal temperature range. Hematology is unremarkable except for slightly low hematocrit and slightly elevated total serum protein. You note signs of serous discharge around the nares. You use a Wright-Giemsa stain to examine some of the exudate you collected. What is your diagnosis?
A. Aspergillus fumigatus B. Chlamydophila psittaci C. Rhizopus D. Aspergillus |
A. Aspergillus fumigatus
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Where is coccidiomycosis endemic?
A. Vancouver island B. Southwestern USA (UTAH) C. Ohio & Mississippi River valleys D. Southeastern USA |
B. Southwestern USA (UTAH)
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What does Coccidioides immitis look like in tissues of infected animals?
A. Sporangia & mycelia B. Big bags of spores (spherules) C. Intracellular yeast cells (in macrophages) D. Big broad-based thick walled yeast E. None of the above F. Sack of smashed assholes |
B. Big bags of spores (spherules)
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What forms does Cryptococcus grow as in the environment and the host, respectively?
In Host In Environment A. Yeast Yeast B. Mold Yeast C. Mold Mold D. Yeast Mold |
A. Yeast Yeast
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What morphologic feature of Cryptococcus is unique and also related to virulence?
A. Arthrospore formation B. Pseudohyphae production C. Thick capsule D. Sperules |
C. Thick capsule
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What site of secondary infection is associated with Cryptococcosis?
A. Bones B. Brain C. Skin D. GI tract E. Liver |
B. Brain
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Which of the following is a yeast that is normal flora and causes opportunistic infections?
A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Sporothrix shenckii C. Candida albicans D. Coccidioides immitis |
C. Candida albicans
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Which of the following predispose to Candida infections?
A. Prolonged use of antibacterial drugs B. Diabetes C. Stress D. Old age E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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Case: Cowpie the cow has a snotty nose, coughing, fever, and droopy ears + a sad face and head tilt. On necropsy you find pneumonia in the lungs, no significant growth of bacteria on BA or MAC. You suspect you may need to use a special culture medium. What’s your etiologic diagnosis?
A. Mycobacterium bovis B. Pasteurella multicida C. Bordetella bronchiseptica D. Mycoplasma bovis |
D. Mycoplasma bovis
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What other disease(s) does Mycoplasma bovis cause?
A. Mastitis B. Keratoconjunctivitis C. Endometritis D. Abortion E. Arthritis F. All of the above |
F. All of the above
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Why does Mycoplasma think it is so effing special when compared to other bacteria? Ie how is it different from other bacteria?
A. Acid-fast stain positive B. Gram-stain resistant C. Lack a cell wall D. Susceptible to penicillin |
C. Lack a cell wall
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Case: A group of feeder pigs with coughing, poor weight gain. On necropsy you find anteriour lung lobe consolidation. Histopath revels bronchoalveolar lymphoid hyperplasia. What is your diagnosis?
A. Enzootic pneumonia B. Swine kennel cough syndrome C. Airsacculitis D. PRRS (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome) |
A. Enzootic pneumonia
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What is the etiology of enzootic pneumonia in pigs?
A. Mycobacterium suis B. Mycoplasma suis C. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae D. Mycoplasma mycoides |
C. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
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Case: Klaus the extremely gay German Shepherd dog has a chronic suppurating wound (among the 10,000 other breed pre-dispositions he has) with draining sinus tracts. On a gram stain you observe a mixture of microbes including branching gram (+) rods. The exudate you collect from the wound looks like your mom’s homemade tomato soup with extra tomato chunks and mayonnaise in it. Delicious home cooking. What is your diagnosis?
A. Actinobacillus spp. B. Pasteurella multocida C. Nocardia asteroides D. Klaus’ special sauce #5 (babs fave) E. Stapholococcus psuedintermedius |
C. Nocardia asteroides
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Case: 3 year old mix breed dog from southern Alberta. History of fever anorexia, petechial hemorrhages seen on the oral mucosa. The dog is reluctant to take it’s usual long walks with the owner. Several ticks were discovered on the dog two weeks ago. A blood smear reveals intra-cytoplasmic organisms, no growth of bacteria from blood sample. The tick was identified as Dermacentor andersonii. What is your diagnosis?
A. Typhoid fever B. Typhus C. Tickus biticus D. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever F. Ben's rotten crotch |
D. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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What is the cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
A. Rickettsia rickettsi B. Piscirickettsia salmonis C. Ehrilichia canis D. Wood ticks |
A. Rickettsia rickettsi
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Does Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever only occur in the Rocky Mountains?
A. Yes B. No |
B. No
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What serves as both the reservoir and vector of Rickettsia rickettsi?
A. Ticks B. Dogs C. Cattle D. Mosquitoes E. Rocky Mountains F. Joy Ashford |
A. Ticks
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Will every bite of a dog by a wood tick results in RMSF disease?
A. Yes; R. rickettsii is highly contagious B. No; only a small percentage of ticks are infected with R. rickettsii C. Yes; dogs are highly susceptible to RMSF D. No; ticks must feed on the dog for many hours for transmission to occur E. No; for two reasons above, B & D |
E. No; for two reasons above, B & D
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What kind of host cell is primarily infected with R. rickettsii?
A. Epithelial cells B. Endothelial cells C. Nerve cells D. Leukocytes |
B. Endothelial cells
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What is the treatment of choice for rickettsial infections?
A. Tetracycline / Doxycycline B. Penicillin / Methicillin C. Acupuncture D. Vitamins and supportive care |
A. Tetracycline / Doxycycline
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Casey the pisser dog is peeing red. Analysis of urine under darkfield microscopy reveals squiggly looking bacteria. What’s your diagnosis?
A. Leptospirosis B. Salmonellosis C. Lyme disease D. Hemorrhagic enteritis |
A. Leptospirosis
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Which of the following tests would you use to confirm a diagnosis of leptospirosis?
A. Culture of urine B. PCR on urine C. Microscopic agglutination test for serum antibody D. Fluorescent antibody test E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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This is our last exam for the first semester of second year. Are you:
A. Excited B. Feel like balls right now but will feel better when this shitstorm is all over C. Wanting to destroy Dr. Cepica D. Hungry E. Ryans Mom F. All of the above |
False (Dr. Cepica taught me false is right 70% of the time)
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