Bacteriology - Final

Front 1

Can you vaccinate neonatal animals against E.coli?

Back 1

No, don't mount immune animals

Front 2

Treatment for E.coli

Back 2

* fluid & electrolytes
* antibiotics should not be used indiscriminately b/c salmonella can take over if natural flora killed off
*vaccines can be used to treat endotoxemia
* antibiotics given IV to treat septicemia

Front 3

Are there good vaccines for Salmonella ?

Back 3

No, cannot vaccinate animal that are carrier - also intracellular agent so difficult to detect

Front 4

What zoonotic bacteria spread from cats, rats, (endemic to certain parts of usa wild animals have it and can ingest or flea bites)?

Back 4

Yersinia pestis <- causes plague

Front 5

What antibiotic effective for Yersinia?

Back 5

tetracycline

Front 6

T/F Shigella infects cattle, pigs, horses, etc.

Back 6

False; Shigella
pathogen to humans/primates, can infect dogs but don’t show disease, does NOT infect cattle, pigs, horses, etc.

Front 7

T/F Penicillin is effective against Enterobacteriaceae

Back 7

False

Front 8

T/F Salmonella can cause enteritis and septicemia; septicemia in pregnant animals may lead to abortion

Back 8

True; esp. associated pigs

Front 9

T/F Salmonella, Clostridrium, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella are all in Enterobacteriaceae family.

T/F Enterobacteriaceae are gram positive cocci and facultative anarobes

Back 9

False; Clostridrium is NOT; others are

False; Enterobacteriaceae are gram negative rods and facultative anarobes, can survive in either environment

Front 10

How do you discriminate between E.coli and Salmonella?

Back 10

* E.coli can ferment lactose on MaConkey agar

Front 11

saprophytic (in decaying material) bacteria, found in mucous membranes, skin, opportunistic organism i.e. in wound infections

Back 11

Pseudomonas

opportunistic, not usually cause of major outbreaks, causes sporodic disease, immunodef. more susceptible
e.g. burn infection, otitis externa in dogs

Front 12

T/F Pseudomonas causes septicimeia, abortion, diarrhea in cattle?

Back 12

False

Front 13

What disease is Pseudomonas associated with in pigs?

What disease is Pseudomonas associated with in sheep?

Back 13

often carriers


Fleece rot

Front 14

What disease is Pseudomonas associated with in mares?

Back 14

Genital tract infection, Ulcerative keratitis

Front 15

Treatment for Pseudomonas ?

Back 15

often drug RESISTANT, need to do sensitivity test

penicillin= NO; gentamicin <-YES. can also use amikacin; or polymyxin for topical use

Front 16

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause Hemorrhagic pneumonia in ___ frothy bloody discharge from nose

Back 16

in mink

Front 17

Burkholderia mallei causes ?

endemic to where?

Back 17

Burkholderia mallei causes 'Glanders'

exotic disease, endemic to Africa and mideast

Front 18

Diagnosis of Glanders?

Back 18

Mallein test - interpalpebral test for DTH

- look for drooping of lower eyelid

"mallein" is extract from
Burkholderia mallei

Front 19

Treatment for Glanders?

Back 19

* don't use antibiotic, NOT permitted
* became carrier, spread to other animals
* cannot remove completely
* cull infected animals?

Front 20

lumpy jaw which is caused by ?

Back 20

- Actinobacillus bovis

Front 21

Actinob. equuli causes ?

Explain pathogenesis:

Back 21

A. equuii : causes SLEEPY FOAL disease
- commensal of intestine, if immunosuppressed causes septicemia (animal become dull, sleepy) and infect kidney

Front 22

Actinobacillus suis causes :

Back 22

Actinobacillus suis
* causes septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis in pigs
* commensal of pig farms

Front 23

Actinobacillus suis antibiotic?

Back 23

Treat with ampicillin or TMS

Front 24

Past. multocida causes disease in?

Hint: PMS

Back 24

* associated w/dogs and cats in mouth
(not large animals)
* enter via cut in mouth
* rabbits (Hint: P. Multicida Snuffles)
* birds

Front 25

Produces a leukotoxin, so vaccines are made with a leukotoxin Ag

Back 25

Mannheimia haemolytica:

Front 26

Mannheimia haemolytica do NOT infect ?

Back 26

does not infect cats, dogs, pigs, etc.

only ruminants

Front 27

- Mannheimia haemolytica causes ____ in cattle

o ___ in sheep and goats

Back 27

SHIPPING FEVER in cattle

Mastitis (“BLUE BAG”) in sheep and goats
~ endotoxin cause bluish discoloration of mammary gland

Front 28

Are vaccines available in US for shipping fever in cattle?
If so, what do they protect against?

Back 28

Yes, protect cattle against leukotoxin of Manheimia haemolytica

Front 29

Causes snuffels in rabbits?

Back 29

Past. multocida

Front 30

Francisella tularensis causes what zoonotic diseases?

How transmitted?

Back 30

Tularemia

cats and dogs can get from rodents, ticks
* Humans get it from tick bites and handling contaminated meat

Front 31

Tularemia caused by francisella tularensis in endemic to

Back 31

USA

Front 32

- Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, used to be part of Haemophilus genus, causes ____ of swine

Back 32

o causes CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA of swine

Front 33

Do antibiotic completely remove Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia pathogen?
If the animal survives infection, they become a ____

Back 33

o Antibiotics only reduce the symptoms, they do not get rid of the abscesses in the lungs and the organism survives in them and the pigs act as carriers

Front 34

Associated GLASSER’S DISEASE in pigs

Back 34

- Haemophilus parasuis -> GLASSER’S DISEASE

HP great desktops

Front 35

- Haemophilus parasuis causes

Back 35

GLASSER'S disease
* septicemia in pigs
* pneumonia in pigs
* characterized by polyserositis in the pleuro and peritoneal cavity

Front 36

What pathogen transmitted venereally, males can carry the bacterium and transmit infection to females?

Back 36

- Histophilus somni
- Taylorella equigenitalis

Front 37

What pathogens can causes abortion? (4)

Back 37

histophilus somni, salmonella, brucella, leptospira

e.g. salmonella typhimurium -> cattle and pigs

- Taylorella equigenitalis rarely causes abortion

Front 38

Histophilus somni causes ?

Back 38

1. infection of genital tract
OR
2. - causes ITEME (infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis)
- can multiply in brain
- animals look dull and sleepy
- can cause pneumonic infection
- can also cause pericardial abscesses

Front 39

- Taylorella equigenitalis causes ?

Are serlogical tests available?

Back 39

Taylorella equigenitalis causes Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM), animal becomes sterile
- exotic disease, UK, ireland, etc.
- eradicated in US

NO sero.tests

Front 40

o What causes 1. KENNEL COUGH in dogs, 2. feline bronchopneumonia in cats,
3. causes ATROPHIC RHINITIS in pigs?

Back 40

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Front 41

- Moraxella bovis causes ?

Back 41

Moraxella bovis: causes Infectious Bovine Kerato-Conjunctivitis (IBKC) or “Pink eye” in cattle
* has pilli and attaches to cornea and produced enzymes which damage cornea, cause opacity of cornea and blindness

Front 42

Moraxella bovis treatment?
antibiotics?
vaccines?

Back 42

* penicillin locally
* tetracycline (oxytetracycline) parenteral
o Pilus vaccine available
o Treatable in early stages
o Flies may transmit infection, use fly repellant tags
o Keep animals away from sunlight

Front 43

- Intracellular bacterium
- DOES NOT KILL ANIMALS
- Causes ABORTION
- genital disease, predilection site is uterus and male genital tract

Back 43

Brucella (B. abortus)

Front 44

Brucella causes

Back 44

Brucella causes: endometritis, placentitis, semen abnormalities

Front 45

Are there vaccines for treating brucella?

Back 45

Live vaccine available, doesn’t work well at all; can infect humans (old, live vaccine)

Front 46

Brucella intracellular bacterium, but can it survive in external environment for long time?

Back 46

yes, for approx. 6 months

Front 47

Is brucella a saprophyte?

Back 47

No

Front 48

Is brucella communicable to humans?

Back 48

- All form of Brucella are communicable to humans EXCEPT B. bovis

(B.canis, B.suis, B.abortus, etc are zoonotic)

Front 49

Antibiotics for food producing animals with brucella?

Back 49

Do not use antibiotics in Brucella infected food producing animals

Front 50

- Gram neg curve bacteria (3)

Back 50

Campylobacter, Lawsonia intercellaris, Helicobacter

Front 51

Campy. jejuni causes ?


can it cause abortion?

Back 51

o Causes diarrhea in humans, dogs and cats
o Abortion rarely

Front 52

Lawsonia intercellaris causes? in ?

Back 52

- Causes Porcine intestinal adenomastosis (PIA) in pigs
- Thickening of intestine, animal will have chronic diarrhea
like “garden hose”

Front 53

Treatment for Lawsonia intercellaris?

Back 53

- No vaccines
- Treat with tylosin (macrolide-class antibiotic)

Front 54

NAME spiral bacteria belonging to spirochete group, any spirals unlike camphylobacter (curvy)
- Has several serotypes
- Predilection site is kidney!!!!!!!!!!
Excreted in URINE – contaminates water sources and humans and animals can get infections by drinking contaminated water

Back 54

Leptospira

Front 55

Carriers of leptospira?

Back 55

rodents

Front 56

Leptospira infectious to dogs and cats?

Zoonotic?

Back 56

No, cats can't get leptospira..can eat as many dead rats as they want

Yes, zoonotic

Front 57

- L. icterrohaemorrhagiae is associated with dogs; what condition?

Back 57

L. icterrohaemorrhagiae (dogs) -> jaundice

Front 58

What STRAINS of leptospira associated with dogs? (2)

Back 58

L. canicola
L. icterrohaemorrhagiae (can be fatal i think)

Front 59

Treatment for Leptospira?
Are vaccine available?
Be specific why, why not

Back 59

Good vaccines available
- There are vaccines for dogs – outer sheath protein Ag
- Tx: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, DOXYCYCLINE for dogs

Front 60

Brachyspira
- B. hyodysenteriae
Causes?
Treatment?
Vaccine?

Back 60

* Causes swine dysentery
o Gram stain: fecal material, spiral bacteria seem
o Culture on special BA (anaerobic)
o No vaccines (intracellular?)
o Tx: tylosin (spirocete = tylosin)
o Disinfect area and keep animals off for 2 months

Front 61

Leptospira can cause meningitis in humans?

Back 61

True

Front 62

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae causes?
in ?
aerobic?
carriers?

Back 62

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae causes: swine dysentery

anaerobic, O2 tolerant
Disease limited to intestine
Carrier pigs (rats, mice temporary)

Front 63

Treatment for brachyspira hyodysenteriae ?

Hint: what's good antibiotic for curvy & spirocetes?

Back 63

* Antibiotics (e.g. Tylosin) in feed for prevention and treatment effective
* Sanitation/ disinfection concurrently Rest for 60 days (organism dies off)
* Replacement pigs – from known source Quarantine and medication

Front 64

How to culture - B. hyodysenteriae?

Back 64

Culture on special BA (anaerobic)

Front 65

Swine dysentery: Clinical signs

Back 65

Swine dysentery: Clinical signs, lesions (hemorrhagic colitis)

Front 66

Borrelia: B. burgdorferi causes?

Back 66

LYME DISEASE

Front 67

Treatment for lyme disease?

Back 67

Treatment/ control: doxycycline (tetracycline) or other antibiotics 4 weeks
Vaccine (outer sheath antigen – ospA), tick control

Front 68

What do all have in common?
Fusobacterium
Mycoplasma
Chlamydiae
Ehrlichia
Rickettsia

Back 68

Non spore-forming anaerobes
Fusobacterium
Mycoplasma
Chlamydiae
Ehrlichia
Rickettsia

Front 69

causes calf dyptheria

Back 69

- Fusobacterium necrophorum

Two forms of calf diphtheria. Most common is acute oral (mouth) infection, seen in calves less than 3 mo. old. Second form is seen in older calves and affects the larynx, Both caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, which also causes foul-in-the foot and liver abscesses in older cattle.

Front 70

- Causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle

Back 70

Mycoplasma mycoides
- No cell wall
- anarobe, non spore forming

Front 71

Is contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle fatal?

What causes it?

Back 71

Yes

Mycoplasma mycoides causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

Front 72

Can you culture Mycoplasma on Mac or BA?

Are vaccine available for Mycoplasma? Antibiotics?

Back 72

No, can't culture this way, they need a soft agar media with 20% serum

No, vaccine not available, and antibiotics may creat carrier state in CBPP; test and slaughter policy practiced
-> with less contagious Mycoplasma diseases, tylosin a/o tetracycline are effective

Front 73

Can mycoplasma mycoides kill dogs in large numbers?

Back 73

No

Front 74

Is mycoplasma mycoides endemic to US or exotic disease?

Back 74

exotic dz

Front 75

Mycop. gallisepticum causes ?

Back 75

M. gallisepticum
* causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens

Front 76

Mycop. felis causes ?

Back 76

conjunctivitis in cats

Front 77

Chlamydiae, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, Neorickettsia, Coxiella, Bartonella: all treated with ??

Back 77

Clamydiae, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, Neorickettsia, Coxiella, Bartonella: all treated with TETRACYCLINE

Front 78

Clamydiae, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, Neorickettsia, Coxiella all treated with ?

Back 78

: all intracellular bacteria; treated with tetracycline

Front 79

- Causes: TRACK FEVER in dogs and hemorrhagic fever

Back 79

Ehrlichia canis:

Front 80

Ehrlichia does not affect ??

Back 80

Ehrlichia does not affect cats

Front 81

___ causes ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER

Back 81

Rickettsia

Front 82

Rickettsia (RMSF) is disease in ?

Back 82

Rickettsia in dogs and humans; does not affect cats

Front 83

Neorickettsia causes ___ in ____

Back 83

Neorickettsia causes salmon poisoning in dogs, not cats

Front 84

Coxiella burneti causes ____ in _____

How transmitted?

Back 84

Coxiella burneti causes Q FEVER in ruminants and humans
- can infect placenta, abortion, fluid infective e.g. milk, urine, feces
- zoonotic pathogen!

Front 85

vector for ehrlichea?

Back 85

ticks

Front 86

causes "cat scratch disease"

Back 86

bartonella

Front 87

cause ovine foot rot

Back 87

- Fusobacterium necrophorum + Dichelobacter nodosus

Front 88

T/F Potomac Horse Fever (Neorickettsia/Ehrlichia) can cause abortion ?

T/F Potomac Horse Fever (Neorickettsia/Ehrlichia) not fatal

Back 88

True

False, up to 30% cases are fatal

Front 89

Anaplasma and Neorickettsia are treated with ?

Back 89

oxytetracycline

Front 90

Can cause mastitis in cattle? (5)

Back 90

Streptococcus (3)
Actinomyces pyogenes
Enterobacteriaceae coli -> coliform
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 91

Can cause UTI in dogs? (name 5)

Back 91

Enterobacteriaceae coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus (3)

Front 92

Is mycoplasma fatal in dogs?

Is mycoplasma fatal in cattle?

Back 92

No, not usually

- M. mycoides fatal in cattle, but mild in dogs

Front 93

Causes pneumonia in cattle?

Back 93

Enterobacteriaceae coli -> cattle
Klebsiella pneumoniae -> cattle
Pasteurella multocida -> cattle
Pseudomonas aeruginosa -> dogs and cats, sheep, cattle

Front 94

Can you use penicliin for mycoplasma infection?
Why?

Back 94

No, have no cell wall

Front 95

Where might one find mycoplasma infection?

Back 95

Respiratory illnesses in ruminants (CBPP) and pigs
Also conjuctivitis in cats

MYCO MYC...Ck Bt Plw Pfr

Front 96

Aside from Mycoplasma, what else could cause conjunctivitis in eye of cat?
What antibiotic could you use to treat both?

Back 96

Chlamydia

Front 97

Salmonella enterica causes disease in?

Salmonella dublin causes disease in?

Back 97

not species specific; all animals

Dublin? in cattle, sheep, horses, dogs

Front 98

Salmonella typhimurium causes disease in?

Salmonella typhi causes disease in?

Back 98

many animals, humans included


humans

Front 99

Salmonella cholerasuis causes disease in?

Back 99

pigs

Front 100

which salmonella serovar causes disease in chicks? in US?

Back 100

Salmonella pullorum, called Pullorum disease; not common in US

Hint: both bird serovars end w/-rum

Front 101

Which salmonella serovar causes disease in adult birds outside US?
What name of disease?

Back 101

S. gallinarum, disease called Fowl typhoid; not common in US

Front 102

Which pathogen causes typhoid in humans?

Back 102

Salmonella typhi

Front 103

Hemorrhagic Colitis is associated with what ?

Back 103

Shiga toxin producing E.coli (STEC), a pathogenic strain

Front 104

E.coli O157: K88 ; H2 (pig)
Pathogenic strains are classified by serotyping. What antigens are {O, K, H} associated with?

Back 104

O: cell wall
K: capsule and pilli antigen
H: flagella

Front 105

Which of following is not a "coliform"?
Klebsiella
E.coli
Salmonella
Streptococcus

Back 105

Coliform bacteria are Gram-negative non-spore forming rods which can ferment lactose.
Therefore, Salmonella (NLF) and Strep (gr+) cannot be included

Front 106

Can coliforms cause mastitis in cattle?

Back 106

yes

Front 107

Atrophic Rhinitis

Back 107

Pasteurella multocida -> pigs