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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General characterisitics of spirochetes?
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gram negative
highly motile - endoflagella reproduce - transeverse fision |
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What are the 3 species of treponema pallidum?
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t. pallidum - syphilis
t. endemicum - bejel t. pertenue - yaws |
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What are the 2 main categories of treponema?
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pallidum
carateum |
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What is the only treponema that causes VD?
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treponema pallidum
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What is the metabolism of treponema pallidum?
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anaerobic or microaerophilic
lacks TCA & e- transport chain extremely sensitive to drying |
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What is the outer membrane of treponema pallidum like?
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doesnt contian LPS
thin PG layer v. sensitive to mech disruption |
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What is in the outer membrane of T. pallidum that induced and inflammatory response?
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cardiolipin which induces an inflammatory response via TLR2
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What is on the outer membrane of T. pallidum and what does it facilliate binding to?
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surface proteins with fibronectin binding activity for adhesion within tissues and the bloodstream
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How is T. pallidum aquired?
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sexual contact with someone with a primary or secondary lesion or transplacentally or by blood transfuions
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What are the virulence factors of t. pallidum?
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outermemb adherance
hyaluronidase fibronectin binding proteins that coat to protect against phagocytosis |
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What is primary syphilis?
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formation of chancre 1-4 wks later
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What is secondary syphilis?
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flu-like sx 2-12 wks later
rash on feet and hands |
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What is tertiary syphilis?
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gumma lesions
CNS & CV involvement |
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What can you grow t. pallidum on?
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no much
rabbit epithelial cells |
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What are outcomes of congenital syphilis?
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spontaneous abortion, still birth, prematurity, low birth weight, pulmonary hemorrhage, 2ndary bacterial infection
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How do you prevent congenital syphilis?
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Antibiotics in the 1st 2 trimesters
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What are the serological test for syphilis?
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VDRL
RPA |
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What are the Ab tests for syphilis?
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FTA-ABS
MHA-TP |
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In what stages are you contageous with syphilis?
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primary and secondary syphilis
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How do you visualize t. pallidum?
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dark field microscopy
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How do you Tx syphilis?
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penicillin
oral doxycycline or tetracycline or azithromycin |
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What does endemicum t. pallidum cause?
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endemic syphilis or bejel
person to person by eating utensils oral lesions, gummas on skin bones & nasopharynx |
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What does pertenue t. pallidum cause?
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petenue or yaws
direct skin contact granulomatous disease s early stage skin lesions & late stage destructive lesions of bone, skin & LN |
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What does treponema carateum cause?
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pinta
papules on skin 1-3 wks after & persists for mo to yrs transfered via direct contact |
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What are some diseases caused by borrelia?
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epidemic relapsing fever
endemic relapsling fever lyme disease |
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What is epidemic fever?
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caused by borrelia recurrentis
person to person & body louse |
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What is endemic relapsing fever?
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borellia sp
ornithodorous soft shell tick |
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What is lyme disease?
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borrelia burgdorferi
lxodes hard shell tick |
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What are some general characterisitics of borrelia?
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stains weakly - giemas or wright stain
larger linear plasmids/chromosomes complex nutritional require. highly motile - endoflagella microaerophilic |
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How does borrelia escape the immune system?
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antigenic variations
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What does antigenic variation cause in borrelia disease?
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relapsing fevers
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Epidemic form of relapsing fever
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humans only known reservior
person to person transmission body louse b. recurrentis doesnt cause disseminateing disese!!!! |
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Endemic form of relapsing fever
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soft shell tick ornithodorous
b. recurrentis disseminated infection |
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Progression of relapsing fever
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initial sx 7 d after - high fever, headache, muscle pain
resolve in 3-7 d adn reoccur 1 week later (milder) |
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How many relapse do you see wiht epidemic?
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1-2 times
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How many times do you see with endemic fever?
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3-4 times
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How do you detect borrelia?
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microcopy
not serological hard to grow |
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How do you tx relapsing fever?
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tetracycline
erthyromycin |
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How is lyme disease transmitted?
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hard shelled lxodes ticks on a mouse of white tail dear
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What are the stages of lyme disease?
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primary 3-30 d later skin lesion, fatigue, malasie, muscle pain followed by hematogneous dissmenitation causing systemic sx and eventually arthritis
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What is the bacteria that causes lyme disease?
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borrelia burgdoreri
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How do you identify b. burgdorferi?
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ELISA or western blot
difficult to culture serology is hard as well |
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how do you tx. lyme disease?
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primary stage: deoxycycline or amoxiclin
secondary: ceftiaxone, deoxycucline or amoxicillin |
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What are the general characteristics of leptospira interrogans?
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hook like structure
obligate aerobes use FA & alcohol for engergy |
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How do you culture leptospira?
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synthetic meida, cold, long time
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What is the pathogenesis of leptospirosis?
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breach the mucosa or ingestion of contaminated water
1-2wk incubation then flu like sx adn can be found in the CSF 2-3 wks aspectic meningitis, headache, rash, hepatic/renal involvement |
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Diagnosis of leptospirosis
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no dark field too skinny
cultured *serology |
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How do you Tx leptorspirosis?
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deoxycycline, ampicillin or amoxicillin for mild
IV for more severe |
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Is there a vaccine for leptospirosis?
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yes for animals
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