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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what form does Aspergillus take in a culture?
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Mycelial
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A ______ is a spore resulting from fragmentation of a hypha at the septum.
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arthrospore
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A ______ is an asexual spore usually produced at the tip or side of a hypha.
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Conidium
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In culture, _______ usually produces rough-walled multicellular macroconidia.
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Microsporum
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a comples of hyphal strands, branched, and any associated spore-bearing structures is called what?
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mycelium
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What are dermatopytids caused by?
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Hypersensitivity reactions caused by dermatophytes
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What form of dermatophyte would you obtain from sampling a dermatophytid lesion?
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None, lesions do not contain the organism
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What two forms of Aspergillus will be found in an infected individual?
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conidia and hyphae
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What fungal infection are birds highly susceptible to? It is often fatal.
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Aspergillosis
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What genus of fungi produce aflatoxins?
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Aspergillus
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What are the virulence factors of C. albicans?
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organotropism
adhesions extracellular protienases lipase/phospholipases |
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Infections of mucous membranes by C. albicans is called what?
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thrush
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Name the three species of fungi that grow in the hyphal form at 25C and as a yeast in vivo?
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Histoplasma
Blastomyces Coccidoides |
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What fungi has a polysaccharide capsule, is inhibited by cyclohexamide, and requires a temp of less than 40C to grow abundantly?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Is cryptococcus saprophytic or parasitic?
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Saprophytic
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What state of C. neoformans is most likely to grow in the soil?
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sexual, hyphal state
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Why does C. neoformans like to hang out in nervous tissue so much?
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It has a great ability to metabolize nitrogen containing substances of low MW which are abundant in the CNS
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is C. neoformans foound intracellular or extracellular?
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both
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Which gender is more likely to get Blastomycosis?
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ladies
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Name two drugs that are effective against B. dermitidis in the yeast form.
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chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide
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In dogs with this disease, the lungs are most frequently infected and may become dotted with milliary lesions. What is the disease?
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Blastomycosis
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You have a clininc in Virginia, an owner brings his dog to you and he presents with obvious arthritic lameness and shortness of breath with a severe cough. He lives at an address which is very near to a local river. What fungal disease might this dog have?
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Blastomycosis
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What fungal species likes to kick it in the desert?
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Coccidoides
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Waht form does Coccidoides take in the environment?
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mycelial
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Waht three forms of Coccidoides life cycle can be found in the body of an infected individual?
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arthroconidia
spherules endospores |
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T/F Chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide inhibit Coccidoides growth.
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false
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T/F Griseofulvin is effective against most fungi.
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False
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This drug inhibits the growth of dermatophytes by disrupting mitotic spindle structure so normal mitosis cannot proceed.
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Griseofulvin
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these broad-spectrum anti-fungals bind ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane.
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polyenes
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are polyenes used to treat superficial or deep-seated mycoses?
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Deep-seated
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A dog with a chronic deep-seated fungal infection comes to your clinic in renal failure. What might you suspect this dog's infection has been treated with, just given these few facts?
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Amphotericin B it is nephrotoxic
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How does Flucytosine act as an anti-fungal agent?
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It disrupts both DNA and RNA synthesis
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What are the largest class of anti-fungals in clinical use today?
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Azoles
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cephalosporins are resistant to beta lactamases produced by _______, but are not resistant to those produced by some ______________.
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staphylococci
gram negative rods |
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What is the main example of a glycopeptide?
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Vancomycin
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Which beta lactam interferes with cell wall growth by binding D-ala-D-ala.
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vancomycin
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what drug blocks alanine-alanine synthesis and what is it used in the treatment of?
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Cycloserine
TB |
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What drug inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in bacterial cell wall synthesis? What condition is this drug used to treat?
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Phosphomycin
UTI |
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What drug blocks phosphatase activity which inhibits cell wall synthesis? Is this drug given systemically or topically?
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Bacitracin
Topically, it is toxic if given systemically. |
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Quinolones and Rifampin fall into what broad category of antibiotics?
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Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
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What 2 protein synthesis inhibitors bind to the 30S ribosomal subunits and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?
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Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides |
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Name two antibiotics that interfere with folic acid synthesis in bacteria?
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Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim |
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What does the antibiotic triclosan interfere with?
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fatty acid biosynthesis
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What are three factors that effect environmentally mediated resistance?
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pH
cation concentration preence of certian metabolites |
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Vancomycin is ineffective against_______ bacteria.
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gram negative
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what bacteria is ampicillin useless against?
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Klebsiella
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Cephalosporins are as useless as a screen door on a battleship against what bacteria?
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Entercocci
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What kind of resistance is the main reason for susceptibility testing?
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Aquired resistance
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Give three examples of general resistance mechanisms of bacteria.
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Degredation or modification of antimicrobial agent
decreased uptake altered antimicrobial target |
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Waht are the two braod types of susceptibility tests?
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diffusion and dillution
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what does MIC stand for.
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Minimum inhibitory concentration
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This type of test uses filter paper discs with antibiotics and agar plates and is measured as either Sensitive, Intermediate, or resistant. What test is this?
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Diffusion test
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T/F Dillution tests and diffusion tests can be used to measure MBC ( minimal bactericidal concentration)?
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False, only dilution test.
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What are the three mechanisms for tranferring genes from one bacterium to another?
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conjugation, transduction and transformation
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T/F micoplasmas are uniformly fram-negative?
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true
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what are the three genera of dermatophytes?
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microsporum
trichophyton epidermophyton |
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what fungus have hyphae that tend to nvade blood vessel walls producing inflammation and obstruction?
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aspergillis
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what fungus has broad-based budding?
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B.dermititidis
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what two stages of Blastomyces are found in the body?
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conidia and blastospores
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this disease is characterized by digestive disturbance, enlarged abdomen, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy and ascites. The dog is the most commonly affected domestic animal.
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Histoplasmosis
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which fungus has keg shaped arthroconidia?
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coccidoides
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what are 2 polyenes used to treat fungal infections of the eye?
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Nystatin Natamycin
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what two fungi are inhibited by flucytosine?
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Candida and Crypto
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What drug is used to treat fungal meningitis?
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flucytosine
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What azole is used in treating fungal meningitis?
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fluconazole
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What antifungal angents inhibit chitin synthesis?
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Nikkomycins
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What protein synthesis inhibitor causes alterations in gut microflora usually leading to diarrhea?
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tetracyclines
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What are five examples of aminoglycosides?
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Amikacin
Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin |
