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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogen: Chocolate agar
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H. flu
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Pathogen: Charcoal yeast extract agar
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Legionella
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Pathogen: Eaton's agar
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Mycoplasma
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Pathogen: Tellurite plate
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C. diphtheriae
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Pathogen: Bordet-Gengou agar
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Bordetella pertussis
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Pathogen: Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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TB
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Pathogen: eosin-methylene blue agar
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E. coli
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Pathogen: Loffler's media
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C. diphtheriae
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Pathogen: Sabouraud's agar
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Fungi
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Obligate aerobes
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Nocardia
Pseudomonas TB Bacillus |
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Obligate anaerobes
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Clostridium
Bacteroides Actinomyces |
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Uniting features of obligate anaerobes
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Lack catalase/superoxide dismutase ---> susceptible to oxidative damage
Foul-smelling Produce CO2 and H2 gas |
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Obligate intracellular bugs
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Rickettsiae
Chlamydiae |
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Urease + pathogens
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Proteus
Klebsiella H. pylori Ureaplasma |
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MOA: Protein A virulence factor
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Binds Fc region of Ig ---> prevents opsonization, phagocytosis
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Heat stability: exotoxin
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Heat labile ---> rapidly destroyed at 60C
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Heat stability: endotoxin
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Heat stabile ---> stable at 100C for up to an hour
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Locations of genes coding for exotoxins
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Plasmids, bacteriophages
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Locations of genes coding for endotoxins
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Bacterial chromosomes
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Exotoxin MOA: diphtheriae
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ADP-ribosylation of EF-2
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Exotoxin MOA: Cholera
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ADP-ribosylation of Gs ---> ↑ cAMP
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Exotoxin MOA: pertussis
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ADP-ribosylation of Gi ---> inhibition ---> ↑ cAMP
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Exotoxin MOA: C. tetani
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Inhibits release of glycine and GABA
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Exotoxin MOA: C. botulinum
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Inhibits ACh release
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Exotoxin MOA: Shigella
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Cleaves host rRNA ---> 60S inactivation
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Exotoxin MOA: B. anthracis
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"Edema factor" = secreted adenylyl cyclase
"Lethal factor" = protease that inhibits macrophages |
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Three things that endotoxin activates
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1. macrophages
2. complement 3. Hageman factor |
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What do macrophages release in response to LPS?
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IL-1 ---> fever
TNF ---> fever, hemorrhage, necrosis NO ---> hypotension, shock |
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"Transformation"
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Take up free DNA from the environment
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"Transduction"
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New DNA from a bacteriophage
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4 β-hemolytic pathogens
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1. S. pyogenes
2. S. agalactiae 3. S. aureus 4. Listeria |
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Diagnosis: infection on a prosthesis
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S. epidermidis
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Diseases of which S. pyogenes is the MCC
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1. Meningitis
2. Otitis media (in kids) 3. Pneumonia 4. Sinusitis |
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Diagnosis: pathogen that grows in bile and 6.5% NaCl
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Enterococci
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Diagnosis: gamma hemolytic, penicillin G resistant
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Enterococci
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Diagnosis: Gram + rod with "metachromatic" (red/blue) granules
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C. diphtheriae
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Spore-forming pathogens
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Gram + rods:
Bacillus Clostridium |
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Exotoxin MOA: C. perfringens
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α toxin = lecithinase, a phospholipase
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Diagnosis: Gram + pathogen with LPS
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Listeria
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Diagnosis: Flu-like symptoms with rapid progression to mediastinitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and shock
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Pulmonary anthrax
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Tx: Nocardia
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TMP/SMX
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Tx: Actinomyces
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Penicillin
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Diagnosis: no eyebrows, lumpy earlobes, and nasal collapse
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Lepromatous leprosy
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Which form of leprosy is well-controlled?
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Tuberculoid
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Pathogens: Oxidase -, lactose non-fermenters
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Shigella
Salmonella Proteus |
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Fast lactose fermeters
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Klebsiella
E. coli Enterobacter |
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Slow lactose fermenters
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Serratia
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Transmission: N. meningitidis
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Respiratory, oral secretions
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Tx: Legionella
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Erythromycin
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Diagnosis: infection with "grape-like" fruity odor
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P. aeruginosa
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Exotoxin MOA: Pseudomonas
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ADP-ribosylation of EF-2
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Exotoxin MOA: Pseudomonas
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ADP-ribosylation of EF-2
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Diagnosis: osteomyelitis in a diabetic
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P. aeruginosa
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Diagnosis: otitis externa in a diabetic
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P. aeruginosa
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Shigella vs. Salmonella: flagella
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Salmonella
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Shigella vs. Salmonella: H2S production
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Salmonella
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Shigella vs. Salmonella: hematogenous dissemination
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Salmonella
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Shigella vs. Salmonella: may paradoxically get worse with abx treatment
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Salmonella
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Shigella vs. Salmonella: intracellular actin polymerization
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Shigella
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Diagnosis: fever, diarrhea, headache, and rose-colored spots on the abdomen
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Typhoid fever
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Diagnosis: gastroenteritis in adolsecents from pet feces
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Y. enterocolitica
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Diagnosis: Crohn's or appendicitis mimic
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Y. enterocolitica
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List the spirochetes
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Borrelia
Treponema Leptospira |
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Diagnosis: question mark-shaped bacterium found in water contaminated with animal urine
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Leptospira
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S/Sx: leptospirosis
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Flu-like illness with jaundice, photophobia, and conjunctivitis
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Diagnosis: skin, bone, and joint infection that heals with keloid, causing severe limb deformities
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T. pertenue ---> "Yaws"
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Causes of VDRL false positives
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"VDRL"
Viruses = EBV, hepatitis Drugs Rheumatic fever Leprosy |
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Diagnosis: patient serum agglutinates in the presences of Proteus antigen
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Rickettsial infection
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What two cofactors do rickettsiae require to grow?
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CoA and NAD+
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Diagnosis: thin vaginal discharge without pain
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Garderella vaginosis
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Tx: Chlamydiae
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Erythromycin or tetracycline
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Diagnosis: pathogen without muramic acid in the cell wall
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Chlamydiae
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Diagnosis: bacterial STI with inclusions
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Chlamydiae
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Diagnosis: pathogen without cholesterol in the cell wall
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Mycoplasma
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Diagnosis: osteomyelitis in a drug addict
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P. aeruginosa
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Interpretation: positive urine nitrite
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GNR UTI
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Diagnosis: erythematous "sand paper" rash with fever and sore throat
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Scarlet fever
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Diagnosis: strawberry cervix
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Trichomoniasis
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Diagnosis: STI with rectal strictures
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Lymphogranuloma veneruem
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