Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is missing from an infection that it is not a disease?
|
A host response.
No clinical signs. No immune response. |
|
|
What does it mean that Mycobacteria is acid fast?
|
The mycolic acid in its outer membrane holds onto the red stain.
|
|
|
What are two very general classification of Mycobacteria?
|
Slow growers and fast growers.
|
|
|
What is the physiology of Mycobacterium? (aerobe/anaerobe)
What is its carbon source? What is the replication time? |
Obligate aerobe
• Glucose or glycerol as carbon source in vitro. Propionate, cholesterol in macrophages • Duplication time: varies with species, but can be long. |
|
|
What is the tuberculosis vaccine?
|
BCG
There are different strains of it, and the different strains initiate in different immune responses. |
|
|
What kind of immune response can reaction to Mycobacterium lead to?
|
granuloma.
|
|
|
The majority of mycobacteria when inside the host live ( ) inside, ( )
outside cells. |
Inside.
When the inside of the granuloma necroses, they will come out. |
|
|
What host cells mycobacteria live inside?
|
macrophages
|
|
|
The mycobacterial vacuole ( ) does, ( ) does not, fuse with lysosomes.
|
does not
|
|
|
Are all mycobacteria phagocytized equally?
|
No
|
|
|
Which pathogenic mycobacteria need to cross the mucosal barrier ?
|
all need to
|
|
|
Are mycobacteria killed by macrophage?
|
They can, but special circumstances are necessary.
The mycobacteria get in the cell, and the response is immediate in producing oxidative products. Mycobacteria can counter this with superoxide dismutase. Nitric oxide employed by the host will kill M. bovis Antimicrobial peptides: VitD3/IRGM (cathalecidin) will kill them. People with vit D deficiency have higher rates of TB infection. |
|
|
What species does Mycobacteria bovis inhabit? What route of transmission does it have?
|
Agent of tuberculosis in cattle and other animals such as deer, buffalo, and wild animals such as elephants, lions, etc.
• Transmission by aerosol and alimentary route. • Calves can be infected by ingestion of milk |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of Mycobacteria?
|
• Only in advanced disease
• Cough and fever • Weakness, loss of weight • Mastitis (induration, lymph nodes) |
|
|
How do you diagnose Mycobacterium?
|
• Tuberculin or PPD (30 to 60 days after infection)
• Specimens: aspirates, milk, tissue for microscopic observation • IFN-gamma, others |
|
|
Can dogs get Mycobacterium avium?
|
Yes - certain breeds can.
And also pigs. Since humans can get this strain also, if the pigs have more than two nodes in the lungs, they are not allowed to be sold for meat. |
|
|
How do you treat Mycobacterium avium?
|
Azetromycin (?) if in combination with something else.
|
|
|
Is there treatiment or vaccine for Johne's disease (M. paratuberculosis)?
|
There is a vaccine
Treatment: Isolation and slaughter |
|
|
How are animals getting M. paratuberculosis?
|
From animal to animal
Nursing young ingest the infected milk Survives in soil and organic matter |
|
|
At which of the four stages does a cow show clinical signs of Johne's disease?
|
Stage IV!
Been shedding since stage II |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of Johne's disease? Is fever common?
|
• Weight loss
• Diarrhea • Fever is not common IMPORTANT! • Diarrhea is not common in sheep and goats • Intestinal lesions are less common in goats • Weight loss IS a consistent finding |
|
|
How do you diagnose Johne's disease?
|
•! Culture (egg-yolk
medium+/- sodium pyruvate)! •! Rectum Biopsy! •! Acid-fast by the ZN! • ELISA • INTERFERON-GAMMA • BACTEC+ PCR IS900 |
|
|
Antibody ( ), Tcell (CD4+, CD8+ and CD1+) ( ) are important for host defense.
|
T cells, antibody has no important function in this kind of infection
|
|
|
Which pathogenic mycobacteria need to cross the mucosal barrier?
|
All of them.
|
