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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the broad spectrum inhibitors?
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chloramphenicol and tetracyclines
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what are the moderate spectrum?
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macrolides
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what are the narrow spectrum?
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lincosamides, streptogramins, and linezolid
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what is the proto for chloramphenicols?
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chloramphenicol
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what is the proto for tetracyclin?
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tetracycline with variants democlocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, clarithromycin
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what is the proto of macrolides?
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erthromycin, with varients azithromycin, clarithromycin
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proto of lincosamides
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linomycin with variant clindamycin
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proto of streptogramins?
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quinupristine-dalfopristin
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proto of oxazoladinones
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linezolid
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what binds close to the 50S subunit? and bacteriostatic
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chloramphenicols, clyndamycin, and macrolides
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which blocks the charged tRNA molecule from binding to the acceptor site on the ribosome mRNA complex?
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chloramphenicol
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what blocks translocation from the acceptor site to the donor site?
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macrolides and clindamycin
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what blocks formation of the initiation complex?
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macrolides
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what binds to the 30s subunit at a site that blocks charged tRNA to the acceptor site?
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tetracyclines
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what binds to the 50s subunit, not permitting the exit?
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streptogramins
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what inhibits initiation by blocking formation of the tRNA ribosome mRNA ternary complex?
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linezolid, by binding to the 50S
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what can chloramphenicol affect?
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mito ribosomes since they contain 70S rRNA.
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can chloramphenical readily cross the placenta and bbb?
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yes
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what are suseptible to chloram?
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strains of h. influenza, N. meningitidis and bacteroids and for these the drug maybe cidal.
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how is resistance formed?
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plasmid mediated, occurs through the formation of acetlytransferases that inactivate the drug
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common use of chloram is ?
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topical agent
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back up for severe infections caused by
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salmonella, and pnuemococcal and meningococcal meningitis in beta-lac resistant individuals. can also be used for ricketsial ds. and for anearobe infections
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what can occur with chloram?
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superinfection with candidiasis
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what occurs in the bone marrow?
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inhibition of red cell maturation leading to decrease in circulatong RBC´s..this is dose dependant and reversible. aplastic anemia is rare and fatal.
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gray baby syndrome?
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infants characterized by cyanosis and cardiovascular collapse. neonates are deficient in hepatic glucuronosyltransferase, the enzyme required for chloramphenical elimination.
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drug interaction with?
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phenytoin, coumarins, tolbutamide
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what can impair the availability of tetracyclins?
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multivalent cations (calcium, iron, aluminim) and food. can cross the placental barrier
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tetras activity against?
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g+ and g-, rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasma and some protozoa
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resistance is mediated?
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plasmid
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uses of tetra are?
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DOG for infections of mycoplasma pnuemonia in adults, chlymidia, rickettsia, and vibrios and alternative for syphilis, and resp. tract infections and profilaxis in chronic bronchitis and acne.
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specific uses are for?
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h. pylori, doxycycline for limes ds. minocycline for meningococcal carier state.
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which is used for the prevention of malaria and in the treatment of amebiasis?
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doxy
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which is used to manage ADH secreting tumors?
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demeclocycline which inhibits the renal action of ADH
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toxicity
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possible life threatening colitis, mild nausea, the D, can lead to candidiasis (oral and vaginal) and possible super infection with c. dificile or s. aureas.
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affects what in the fetus?
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tooth enamal dysplacia and irregularities in bone growth. not indicated during pregnancy and can cause problems in the teeth of younger children, miscoloring, and crown deformation.
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can cause what in patients with hepatic problems and in pregnacy?
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hepatic necrosis
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what syndrom can be caused?
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(Fanconi´s syndrom, renal tubular acidosis)......demeclocycline may enhance skin sensativity to UV light..fotosensitivity....can cause dose dep. reversible dizziness and vertigo with doxy and mino.
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with what drug are high levels achieved in tissues and in phagocytes 10 to 100 times higher than in plasma?
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azithromycin
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what is active against, campylobacter, chlymidia, mycoplasma, legionella, g+coci, and some g-organisms.
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erythromocycin, with asi and clari having greater activitiy against chlymidia, M.avium and toxoplasma.
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resitance in g+ is due to what?
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production of methylase that adds a methyl group
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which is extended for h.influenza, m. catarrhalis, and neisseria and for community aquired pnuemonia
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azithromycin
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treats m. avium complex, and in the regimine for ulcers?
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claritho
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adverse effects?
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skin rashes, GI irritation, eosinophilia
erythromycin can cause hypersensetivity based acute cholestatic hepatitis |
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what can erythromycin increase?
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anticoagulants, carbamazepine, cisapride, digoxin, theophyline, due to p450 inhibition. cardiac arythmias can occur when taking aztemizole
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does azithro inhibit p450?
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no
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what is the use of clindamycin?
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severe infections due to certain anearobes such as bacteroides. recommended for prophylaxis of endocarditis in vascular ds. patients with peni allergies. also affective against, p.carinii and t. gondii
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what are some of the toxicities of clinda?
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neutropenia, hepatic dysfunction, possible superinfection with c.difficile psuedomembranos colitis.
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streptogramins
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half life longer combined than alone. used for MRSA and VRSA and resistant enterococcus faecium.
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what can they cause?
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pain and arthralgia-myalgia syndrome and are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 and increase plasma levels of cisapride, diazapem, warfarin
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what is the new antibx?
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linezolid acative against g+cocci, including stains resitant to beta lactams and vancomycin.
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